美国文学现实主义文学.ppt

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1、Requirements:ClassAttendancePreparatoryworkandafter-classreadingPartIVTheLiteratureofRealism美国现实主义文学(1860-1914)HistoricalIntroductionLiteraryMovementsbetweentheCivilWarandtheFirstWorldWarTheEstablishmentofAmericanPoetryRiseoftheAmericanNovelLiterature

2、ontheBlackHistoricalOverviewTheCivilWarthedevelopmentofrailroadsthespreadofindustrialismthefrontierThegildedage镀金时代:seeminglyprosperoussociety;anageofexcessandextremes,ofdeclineandprogress,ofpovertyaddazzlingwealth,ofgloomandbuoyanthope美国资本主义大工业迅猛发展,迫使

3、原住民离乡背井,这幅图画展示的就是“镀金时代”的景象1.AmericanRealism2.AmericanNaturalism3.LocalColorismIILiteraryMovementsbetweentheCivilWarandtheFirstWorldWarRealism:amodeofwritingthatgivestheimpressionofrecordingor“reflecting”faithfullyanactualwayoflife.Moderncriticismfreque

4、ntlyinsiststhatrealismisnotadirectorsimplereproductionofrealitybutasystemofconventionsproducingalifelikeillusionofsome“real”worldoutsidethetext,byprocessesofselection,exclusion,description,andmannersofaddressingthereader.(OxfordConciseDictionaryofLiter

5、aryTerms)Emphasizesobjectivityandoffersanobjectiveratherthananidealisticviewofhumannatureandhumanexperience.Realistsseektruththatisverifiablebyexperienceandhavepracticalconsequences.Theyexpressedtheconcernfortheworldofexperience,ofthecommonplace,andfor

6、thefamiliarandthelow.Realismisembeddedinamimetictheoryofart.Realistsbelievethatliteratureimitatesreality.FeaturesofRealismRepresentativesofAmericanRealismMarkTwain马克·吐温WilliamDeanHowells威廉·迪恩·豪威尔斯HenryJames亨利·詹姆斯1.AmericanRealism2.AmericanNaturalismNat

7、uralismisamoredeliberatekindofrealisminnovels,storiesandplays,usuallyinvolvingaviewofhumanbeingsaspassivevictimsofnaturalforcesandsocialenvironment.FeaturesofAmericanNaturalismApost-Darwinianmovement(thesurvivalofthefittest)ofthelate19thcenturyNaturali

8、smappliestheprinciplesofscientificdeterminationtofiction.Theworldisamoral;Menandwomenhavenofreewill;theirlivesarecontrolledbyheredityandtheenvironmentReligious“truths”areillusoryThedestinyofhumanityismiseryinlifeandoblivionindeath.(pess