镓物理化学性质调研.ppt

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1、镓基本信息物理化学特性银白色金属，在30℃时变为发光液体，冷却至0℃而不固化；在干燥空气中稳定，在潮湿空气中失去光泽，生成及少量氧化物；与碱反应放出氢气；能被冷浓盐酸浸蚀，对热硝酸钝性，高温时能与多数非金属反应；溶于酸和碱，微溶于汞，不溶于水；研究表明，镓在高温下对工程材料具有较强的腐蚀性，如300-400℃或更高温度下对不锈钢的腐蚀性；室温下的腐蚀性通常可以忽略；低温下（～30℃）可与铜缓慢发生反应，进而导致铜表面出现凹陷；实验验证，镓一般不与塑料（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、PMMA）发生反应，即使温度升高至足以使上述

2、塑料软化或熔化；镓不溶于水，因此经皮肤镓不容易被吸收；眼睛直接接触或吸入镓粉末会导致疼痛；豚鼠皮下注入镓金属或合金导致骨疽；对猫和鼠而言，胃对硫酸镓及硝酸钾的大剂量吸收会导致轻微中毒；人应尽量避免在三氧化二镓的环境下长期工作；一旦液态钾金属溅落至工作场所，如地板，先确认是否有导电可能，如果没有则立刻用冷水冲洗直至镓凝固，然后再做收集保存；为防止镓被人手的油污染，手套是必须的；6063Aluminum-Alloy→5hoursofcorrosionunder120°CT2Copper-AlloyAnodicColoring

3、6063Aluminum-Alloy1Cr18Ni9StainlessSteel→30daysatthetemperatureof60±0.5°CCorrosiondevelopmentbetweenliquidgalliumandfourtypicalmetalsubstratesTestobjectandconditionMorphologycomparisonofcorrodedsurfaceofthe6063Aluminum-Alloy(a)andoftheT2Copper-Alloy(b)Corrosionde

4、velopmentsbetweenthe6063Aluminum-Alloyandliquidgallium:anodisturbanceisexertedongalliumball;bsmalldisturbanceisexertedongalliumball.EDSanalysis6063Aluminum-AlloyT2Copper-Alloy1Cr18Ni9StainlessSteelAnodicColoring6063Aluminum-AlloyConclusion6063Aluminum-Alloy→Liqui

5、dgalliumhasintensecorrosionreactionwithit,andthecorrosionproductisloose,promotingtheinfiltrationofgalliumintothecorrosionproducttoformcorrosiondiffusionareawithuniformgalliumconcentration.Thecorrosionproductisalsooflowintensity.Thus,the6063Aluminum-Alloycannotbeu

6、sedasthestructurematerialforaliquidmetalcoolingsystem.T2copper→Liquidgalliumnotonlycausesuniformcorrosionprocesstothesurfaceofit,butalsohasgoodcompatibilitywiththecorrosionlayerandcanformgalliumcoveredareaonthecorrodedsurface.ThecorrosionresistanceleveloftheT2Cop

7、per-Alloyisbetweengrade6and7,whichbelongstoaslightlyhighgrade.ButtheT2Copper-Alloyisinappropriatetobeusedasstructuralmaterialofaliquidmetalcoolingsystemforthedynamiccorrosionprocesswillcausegreatdamagetoitssurface.XAnodicColoring6063Aluminum→Ithasverystrongcorros

8、ionresistance.However,intheflowingliquidmetalcoolingsystem,thescouringeffectthatliquidmetaloflargedensitycausestotheoxidelayeronthesurfacemustbeconsidered.Mean