高一化学必修2[鲁科版]：酯和油脂糖类、蛋白质和氨基酸的学习.ppt

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1、§3~3饮食中的有机物第2课时乙酸酯和油脂笑到最后一刻你的模样才灿烂Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.第二部分酯和油脂Evaluationonly.Crea

2、tedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.CH3—C—O—C2H5O1.“酯”的含义羧酸(RCOOH)与醇(ROH)发生酯化反应生成的有机物称作酯.例：乙酸乙酯乙酰基乙氧基一.酯的认识Evaluatio

3、nonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.酸提供酸提供醇提供Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfil

4、e5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.2:酯的结构酯的官能团为：（酯基）R—C—O—R’O—C—O—OEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011As

5、posePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.3、酯的存在酯广泛存在于自然界中。例如，乙酸乙酯、乙酸异戊酯存在于草莓、香蕉、梨等水果中，乙酸丁酯和异戊酸异戊酯存在于成熟的香蕉中，苯甲酸甲酯存在于丁香油中，等等。Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0

6、.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.4、酯的物理性质低级酯（分子里碳原子数较少、相对分子质量较小的酯，）大多数酯熔点较低，不溶于水，易溶于有机溶剂，密度比水小。通常是具有芳香气味的液体。高级酯（分子里碳原子数较多、相对分子质量较大的酯）通常是固体，不一定有芳香气味。Evaluationonly.

7、CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.5.酯的水解反应（1）酸性条件下的水解反应：CH3—C—O—C2H5+H2OO稀H2SO4CH3—C—OH+HO—C2H5O注：①是可逆反应，不能进行彻

8、底。②为酯化反应的逆反应，实质也为取代反应Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slid