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时间:2020-04-07
《清华经济学原理课件12竞争市场上的企业.ppt》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在PPT专区-天天文库。
1、第十四章Chapter14竞争市场中的企业FirmsinCompetitiveMarkets竞争的含义TheMeaningofCompetition完全竞争市场具有下列特征:Aperfectlycompetitivemarkethasthefollowingcharacteristics:市场中有许多买者和卖者Therearemanybuyersandsellersinthemarket.各个卖者提供的物品大体上是相同的Thegoodsofferedbythevarioussellersarelarg
2、elythesame.企业可以自由地进入或退出市场Firmscanfreelyenterorexitthemarket.2竞争的含义TheMeaningofCompetition这些特征,使得完全竞争市场具有如下结果:Asaresultofitscharacteristics,theperfectlycompetitivemarkethasthefollowingoutcomes:任何一个买者或卖者的行动对市场价格的影响都可以忽略不计。Theactionsofanysinglebuyerorselle
3、rinthemarkethaveanegligibleimpactonthemarketprice.每一个买者和卖者都接受市场决定的价格。Eachbuyerandsellertakesthemarketpriceasgiven.3竞争的含义TheMeaningofCompetition竞争市场中的买者和卖者被称为价格接受者。Buyersandsellersincompetitivemarketsaresaidtobepricetakers.4竞争企业的收益RevenueofaCompetitiveFi
4、rm企业的总收益是销售价格乘以销售量。Totalrevenueforafirmisthesellingpricetimesthequantitysold.TR=(PXQ)5竞争企业的总收益、平均收益和边际收益Total,Average,andMarginalRevenueforaCompetitiveFirm产量Quantity(Q)价格Price(P)总收益TotalRevenue(TR=PxQ)平均收益AverageRevenue(AR=TR/Q)边际收益MarginalRevenue(MR=T
5、R/Q)1$6.00$6.00$6.002$6.00$12.00$6.00$6.003$6.00$18.00$6.00$6.004$6.00$24.00$6.00$6.005$6.00$30.00$6.00$6.006$6.00$36.00$6.00$6.007$6.00$42.00$6.00$6.008$6.00$48.00$6.00$6.00考虑史密斯家庭奶牛厂……ConsidertheSmithFamilyDairyFarm……6竞争企业的收益RevenueofaCompetitiveFirm
6、对竞争企业来说,总收益与产量成比例。Forcompetitivefirms,totalrevenueisproportionaltotheamountofoutput.7竞争企业的收益RevenueofaCompetitiveFirm平均收益告诉我们一个企业从每一典型单位的销售中得到多少收益。Averagerevenuetellsushowmuchrevenueafirmreceivesforthetypicalunitsold.8竞争企业的收益RevenueofaCompetitiveFirm对所有
7、企业来说,平均收益等于物品的价格。Forallfirms,averagerevenueequalsthepriceofthegood.9竞争企业的收益RevenueofaCompetitiveFirm边际收益是销售量增加一个单位带来的总收益的变化。Marginalrevenueisthechangeintotalrevenuefromanadditionalunitsold.MR=TR/Q10竞争企业的收益RevenueofaCompetitiveFirm对竞争企业来说,边际收益等于物品价格。Fo
8、rcompetitivefirms,marginalrevenueequalsthepriceofthegood.MR=TR/Q=(P*Q)/Q=P*Q/Q=P11竞争企业的利润最大化ProfitMaximizationfortheCompetitiveFirm竞争企业的目标是利润最大化。Thegoalofacompetitivefirmistomaximizeprofit.这意味着企业将生产使总收益和总成本之差最大的产量。Thismeans
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