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1、FederatedSearchofText-BasedDigitalLibrariesinHierarchicalPeer-to-PeerNetworksJieLu,JamieCallanSchoolofComputerScience,CarnegieMellonUniversity,Pittsburgh,PA15213,USA{jielu,callan}@cs.cmu.eduAbstract.Peer-to-peerarchitecturesareapotentiallypowerfulmodelforde-velopinglarge-scale
2、networksoftext-baseddigitallibraries,butpeer-to-peernetworkshavesofarprovidedverylimitedsupportfortext-basedfederatedsearchofdigitallibrariesusingrelevance-basedranking.Thispaperaddressestheproblemsofresourcerepresentation,resourcerankingandselection,andre-sultmergingforfedera
3、tedsearchoftext-baseddigitallibrariesinhierarchicalpeer-to-peernetworks.Existingapproachestotext-basedfederatedsearchareadaptedandnewmethodsaredevelopedforresourcerepresentationandre-sourceselectionaccordingtotheuniquecharacteristicsofhierarchicalpeer-to-peernetworks.Experimen
4、talresultsdemonstratethattheproposedapproachesofferabettercombinationofaccuracyandefficiencythanmorecommonalter-nativesforfederatedsearchinpeer-to-peernetworks.1IntroductionPeer-to-peer(P2P)networksareanappealingapproachtofederatedsearchoverlargenetworksofdigitallibraries.Thea
5、ctivitiesinvolvedforsearchinpeer-to-peernet-worksincludeissuingrequests(“queries”),routingrequests(“queryrouting”),andre-spondingtorequests(“retrieval”).Thenodesinpeer-to-peernetworkscanparticipateasclientsand/orservers.Clientnodesissuequeriestoinitiatesearchinpeer-to-peernetw
6、orks;servernodesprovideinformationcontents,respondtoquerieswithdocu-mentsthatarelikelytosatisfytherequests,and/orroutequeriestootherservers.Thefirstpeer-to-peernetworkswerebasedonsharingpopularmusic,videos,andsoftware.Thesetypesofdigitalobjectshaverelativelyobviousorwell-known
7、nam-ingconventionsanddescriptions,makingitpossibletorepresentthemwithjustafewwordsfromaname,title,ormanualannotation.FromaLibraryScienceorInforma-tionRetrievalperspective,thesesystemsweredesignedforknown-itemsearches,inwhichthegoalistofindasingleinstanceofaknownobject(e.g.,apa
8、rticularsongbyaparticularartist).Inaknownitemsearch,theuseris
