有限元英语文献及译文.doc

有限元英语文献及译文.doc

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1、7.INTRODUCTIONTOTHEFINITEELEMENTMETHODEngineersuseawiderangeoftoolsandtechniquestoensurethatthedesignstheycreatearesafe.However,accidentssometimeshappenandwhentheydo,companiesneedtoknowifaproductfailedbecausethedesignwasinadequateorifthereisanothercause,suchas

2、anusererror.Buttheyhavetoensurethattheproductworkswellunderawiderangeofconditions,andtrytoavoidtothemaximumafailureproducedbyanycause.Oneimportanttooltoachievethisisthefiniteelementmethod.“Thefiniteelementmethodisoneofthemostpowerfulnumericaltechniqueseverdevi

3、sedforsolvingdifferential(andintegral)equationsofinitialandboundary-valueproblemsingeometricallycomplicatedregions.”(Reddy,1988).Thereissomedatathatcannotbeignoredwhenanalyzinganelementbythefiniteelementmethod.Thisinputdataistodefinethedomain,theboundaryandini

4、tialconditionsandalsothephysicalproperties.Afterknowingthisdata,iftheanalysisisdonecarefully,itwillgivesatisfactoryresults.Itcanbesaidthattheprocesstodothisanalysisisverymethodical,andthatitiswhyitissopopular,becausethatmakesiteasiertoapply.“Thefiniteelementan

5、alysisofaproblemissosystematicthatitcanbedividedintoasetoflogicalstepsthatcanbeimplementedonadigitalcomputerandcanbeutilizedtosolveawiderangeofproblemsbymerelychangingthedatainputtothecomputerprogram.”(Reddy,1988).Thefiniteelementanalysiscanbedoneforone,twoand

6、three-dimensionalproblems.Butgenerally,theeasierproblemsarethoseincludingoneandtwodimensions,andthosecanbesolvedwithouttheaidofacomputer,becauseeveniftheygivealotofequations,iftheyarehandledwithcare,anexactresultcanbeachieved.Butiftheanalysisrequiresthree-dime

7、nsionaltools,thenitwouldbealotmorecomplicated,becauseitwillinvolvealotofequationsthatareverydifficulttosolvewithouthavinganerror.Thatiswhyengineershavedevelopedsoftwaresthatcanperformtheseanalysesbycomputer,makingeverythingeasier.Thesesoftwarescanmakeanalysiso

8、fone,twoandthreedimensionalproblemswithaverygoodaccuracy.Abasicthingtounderstandhowfiniteelementworksistoknowthatitdividesthewholeelementintoafinitenumberofsmallelements.“Thedomain

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