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1、BasicQualitiesofAmericanLiterature(1)Independent.(2)Individualistic.(3)Critical.(4)Innovative.(5)Humorous.TheLiterarySceneinColonialAmericaThefirstAmericanliteraturewasneitherAmericannorreallyliterature.JohnSmithThe1stAmericanWriterCaptainHismostimportantworkisTheGeneralHistoryofVirginia,NewEngla
2、nd,andtheSummerIsles(1624)AnneBradstreet(1612—1672)TenthMuseAPuritanpoet,herpoemsmainlyaboutreligiousexperience,familylifeandearlysettler’slivesContemplations《沉思录》TheLiteratureofReasonandRevolutionJonathanEdwards(1703-1758)lSinnersintheHandsofanAngryGodlPersonalNarrativeBenjaminFranklin(1706-1790
3、)nPoorRichard'sAlmanacknTheWaytoWealthnTheAutobiographyPhilipFreneau“FatherofAmericanPoetry”“PoetoftheAmericanRevolution”lTheWildHoneySuckleWashingtonIrving:theFatherofAmericanShortStoriesnRipVanWinklenTheLegendofSleepyHollowRomanticIndividualism:JamesFenimoreCooperTheLeatherstockingTalesTheLasto
4、ftheMohicansSpokesmanofTranscendentalism:RalphWaldoEmersonNature(l836)Essays(1841).Essays:SecondSeries(1844)HenryDavidThoreaunWalden,1854nAWeekontheConcordAndMerrimacRivers,1849n“CivilDisobedience”,1849WaldenNathanielHawthorneTheScarletLetter(1850)“YoungGoodmanBrown”,HermanMelvilleMasterofPhiloso
5、phicalAllegoryHisearlyworks:seaadventures--Typee(1846),Omoo(1847),Redburn(1849),Mardi(1849),WhiteJacket(1850),Moby-Dick(1851).Hislaterworks:Pierre(1852),Bartleby,theScrivener(1853),BillyBudd(1924)WaltWhitmanWhitmanisafatherfigureinAmericanpoetichistory.LeavesofGrass—thefirstcollectionoftrulymoder
6、npoetry（Pre-modern）AforerunnerinthehistoryofAmericanpoetry:useoffreeverse.thepoetofAmericaandAmericandemocracy./representationofnationalspirit.RealisticinDetailsbutIdealisticandRomanticinSpiritstrongtendencytouseoralEnglishEmilyDickinson:theRecluseofAmherstHerpoetryusuallyconcernshermeditationonl
7、ove,religion,death,immortality,andnature.Abundanceofthemes1.Religion2.Love3.DeathandImmortality4.NatureDickinsonwasterse,suggestive,andindirect.Ingeneralsheusedthelanguagefreelyasshelikedittobeaninstrumenttoindicateher
