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1、MorphologyI.BasicconceptsandtermsDerivationalprocessesInflectionFunctionwordsProblemsinmorphologicaldescriptionInteractionbetweenmorphologyandphonologyCollocations1Yun-PiYuanBasicConceptsandTerms(1)Morphology:Thestudyofthestructureofwords&howwordsareformed(frommorphemes)Mo
2、rpheme:Thesmallestunitoflanguagethatcarriesmeaning(maybeawordornotaword)Asound-meaningunitAminimalunitofmeaningorgrammaticalfunctionTheleveloflanguageatwhichsoundandmeaningcombineA.Freemorpheme:lexical&functionalmorphemeB.Boundmorpheme:derivational&inflectional2Yun-PiYuanB
3、asicConceptsandTerms(2)Stem(root,base):themorphemetowhichothermorphemesareaddedfree(e.g.teacher,dresses,unkind)Stembound(e.g.inept,unkempt)3Yun-PiYuanFreeMorphemeDefinition:canoccurbyitself,notattachedtoothermorphemesExamples:girl,teach,book,class,the,of,etc.TwokindsA.lexi
4、calmorpheme(openclass)1.definition:haslexicalmeaning;newexamplescanbefreelyadded2.examples:N,Verb,Adj,Adv(contentwords)B.functionalmorpheme(closedclass)1.definition:newexamplesarerarelyadded(butnotimpossibletoadd)2.examples:Pro,Prep,Conj,Art.(functionwords)4Yun-PiYuanBound
5、MorphemeI.Definition:mustbeattachedtoanothermorphemeII.Derivationalmorphememaychangesyntacticclasstoformnewwordsexamples:-able,un-,re-,etc.III.InflectionalmorphemeDifferentformsofthesamewordNotchangesyntacticclassOnly8kindsinEnglish:-’s,-s(pluralnouns),-ing,-ed/-en,-est,-e
6、r,-s(S-Vagreement)5Yun-PiYuanBasicConceptsandTerms(3)Affix:Prefixe.g.UnhappyInfixe.g.Absogoddamlutely(seeNash56)Suffixe.g.happiness6Yun-PiYuanMorphemeslexicalfree(openclasses)Morphemesfunctional(closedclasses)boundderivational(affixes)inflectional7Yun-PiYuanExercises8Yun-P
7、iYuanII.DerivationalProcesses:amethodtogetnewwords1.Derivation:(orDerivationalaffixation,Affixation)2.Compounding:combinetwoormoremorphemestoformnewwords3.Reduplication:fullorpartialrepetitionofamorpheme4.Blending:partsofthewordsthatarecombinedaredeleted5.Clipping:partofaw
8、ordhasbeenclippedoff6.Acronyms:abbreviatealongertermbytakingtheinitialletters7.Backformat
