第二语言习得名词解释

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1、1.Instrumentalmotivation,whichoccurswhenthelearnersgoalisfunctional;andintegrativemotivation,whichoccurswhenthelearnerwishestoidentifythecultureoftheL2group.2.Cognitivestrategiesencompassthelanguagelearningstrategeiesofidentification,grouping,retention,andstorageoflanguagematerial,aswenasthel

2、anguageusestrategiesoftetrieval,rehearsalandsomprehensionorproductionofwords,phrasesandotherelementsofthesecondlangugue.3.ThecriticalperiodHypothesis：saysthatthereisaperiodwhenlanguageacquisitioncantakeplacenaturallyandeffortlessly,butthatafteracertianagethebrainisnolongerabletoprocesslanguag

3、einputinthisway.4.PositiveTransferreferstothetransferthatoccurwhenboththenativelanguageandthetargetlanguagehavethesameform,thusmakinglearningeasier.5.comprehensibleinputmeansthatallofthetargetlanguageexposedtolanguagelearnersisunderstandable.6.Communicativecompetence:theabilitytousethelanguag

4、ecorrectlyandappropriatelytiaccomplishcommunicationgoals.Thedesiredoutcomeofthelanguagelearningprocessistheabilitytocommunicatecompetenly,nottheabilitytousethelanguageexactlyasanativespeakerdoes.Communicativecompetenceismadeupoffourcompetenceareas:linguistic,sociolinguistic,discoure,andstrate

5、gic.7.Cooperativelearning：isasuccessfultaechingstrategyinwhichsmallteams.eachwithstudentsofdifferentlevelsofability,useavarietyoflearningactivitiestoimprovetheirunderstandingofasubject.Eachmemberofateamisresponsiblenotonlyforlearning,anatmosphereofachievement.8.Languageaptitudereferstothespec

6、ificabilityalearnerhasforlearningasecondlanguageandalsoasocialproductandusedininteractionbetweenpeople.9.Acquisition:istheproductofasubconsciousprocessverysimilartotheprocesschildrenundergowhentheyacquiretheirfirstlanguage.Learning:istheproductofformalinstructionanditcomprisesaconsciousproces

7、swhichresultsinconsciousknowledgeaboutthelanguage.10.Autonomouslearningmeansoneadoptssomemannersthatfitforhimandlearnbyhim,whichismainlyoutsidetheclassroomcontext.简答：2.Individualdifferences(1)年龄：作为一种个性差异，对第二语言学得有一定的影响，表现