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1、Lecture10VerbandVerbPhrase7/27/20211TeachingContents10.1Classificationofverbs(I)10.2Classificationofverbs(II)10.3Asurveyoftense,aspect,voiceandmood7/27/2021210.1Classificationofverbs(I)1)MainverbsandauxiliariesAccordingtodifferentrolesplayedinthefomationofverbphraseskve
2、rbsaredividedintotwoclasses:mainverbsandauxiliaries.Asweknow,averbphrasemayconsistofamainverbonly;thisiscalledasimpleverbphrase.7/27/20213Averbphrasemayalsotaketheformofaverbprecededbyoneormoreauxiliaries;thisiscalledacomplexverbphrase.Mainverbsarealsocallednotionalverb
3、sfunctioningastheheadandindicatingthebasicmeaningofaverbphrase.7/27/20214Auxiliariesfallintothreecategories:primaryauxiliaries,modalauxiliariesandsemi-auxiliaries.a)Primaryauxiliaries:be,do,have.Withoutlexicalmeaningsoftheirown,theseauxiliarieshaveonlygrammaticalfunctio
4、nsorgrammaticalmeanings.Beisusuallyusedtohelpthemainverbtoformtheprogressiveaspectortheexpressivevoice.7/27/20215Auxiliarydoisusedtohelpthemainverbtoexpressnegativemeaningsortoformquestion,andsometimestohelpexpresstheemphaticaffirmative.Thefunctionofauxiliaryhaveistohel
5、pthemainverbtoformtheperfectiveortheperfectiveprogressiveaspect.b)Modalauxiliaries:can/could,may/might,will/would,shall/should,must,oughtto,dare,need,usedto.7/27/20216Theyexpressmodalmeanings.Inafiniteverbphrase,wecanuseonlyonemodalauxiliarywhichisinvariablyfollowedbyth
6、ebareinfinitiveorthebaseform.c)Semi-auxiliaries:haveto,seemto.Theycanhelpthemainverbtoformthecomplexverbphraseandexpressthemodalmeaningontheonehand,andcan,whenprecededbyotherauxiliaries,functionasmainverbsontheother.7/27/202172)Transitiveverbs,intransitiveverbsandlinkin
7、gverbsVerbsaredividedinaccordancewithwhetherornottheymustbefollowedbyobligatoryelementsfunctioningascomplementationandwhatkindofelementsthatmustfollow.a)Transitiveverbsmustbefollowedbyanobject.Somearefollowedbytwoobjects,i.e.indirectobjectanddirectobject;.7/27/20218some
8、byanobjectandanobjectcomplement;somebyanobjectandanobligatoryadverbialb)Intransitiveverbsdonotrequireanobject.
