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1、(2011—2---21)Whatispharmacology?ThestudyofhowdrugsaffectbiologicalsystemsPharmacokineticsPharmacodynamicsWhatthebodydoestodrugwhatthedrugdoestobody药代动力学[,fɑ:məkəu,kai'netiks]药效学[fɑ:mə,kəudai'næmiks]PharmacologyPharmacotherapeutics.PharmacognosyThestudyoftheuseofdrugsidentifyingcrudematerialsasdrug药物
2、治疗学[,fɑ:məkə'θerəpi](研究天然药物的)生药学[,fɑ:mə'kɔgnəsi]Pharmacognosy:plants,animals,minerals,microbes,synthetics(sourceofdrugs)人工合成(绝缘)材料[sin'θetiks]Pharmacodynamics:drugreceptors(serotonin血清素，dopamine多巴胺)[,siərəu'təunin]['dəupə,mi:n]Effectofdrug----efficacy（疗效['efikəsi]）Responsestodrug（回应）Toxicity毒性andadv
3、erseeffectsofdrugs不良反应(sideeffects副作用)Pharmacokinetics:1.Absorption[əb'sɔ:pʃən]吸收2.Distribution分布3.Metabolism(biotransformation)[mi'tæbəlizm]4.Exertion(elimination)[ig'zə:ʃən]排泄[i,limi'neiʃən]消除,T1/2(half—life)Thetimerequiredfortheplasmaconcentrationofadrugtobereducedby50%.['plæzmə]血浆浓度把...分解ED50(ha
4、lfeffectivedose)Thedoseofadrugthatiseffectivefor50%ofthepopulationexposedtothedrug[dəus]剂量,服用量[i'fektiv]暴露的LD50(halflethaldose)Thedoseatwhichdeathoccurs（出现）in50%ofsubjects（受治疗者）DrugNomenclature:Chemicalname,Genericname,TradenameRoutesofDrugAdministration（给药）1.enteral肠的['entərəl].----withinorbywayoft
5、heGltract----oral(PO),rectal,sublingual2.parenteral肠胃外的[pæ'rentərəl]----notwithinthealimentarycanal消化道Inhalation,intramuscular(IM),subcutaneously(S.C),intraperitoneally(I.P)[,inhə'leiʃən].吸入，[,intrə'mʌskjulə]肌肉的，[,sʌbkju:'teiniəs]皮下地，[,intrə,peritə'ni:əl]腹膜内的3.central中枢的['sentrəl]----intothebrainors
6、pinalcord脊髓----intrathecal,intracerebroventricular(ICV)鞘内的（注射）[,intrə'serəbrəl]大脑内的（注射）Blood—brain–barrier血脑屏障['bæriə]Centraladministrationisnecessaryfordrugsthatcannotcrosstheblood—brain—barrier.Drugformulation（药物的换算）Dosage=theamountofdrugtobeadministeredusuallybasedonweightExp:mg/kgConcentration=h
7、owthedrugisformulatedintoasolutionExp:mg/mlInjectionvolume=aliquidmeasurementbasedonweight注射Exp:ml/kgG=graml=literMg=milligramml=milliliterUgmicrogramul=microliterFactorsaffectingresponsetodrugs1.dosa
