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1、1、区别LexemeWordMorphemesAlexemeisthesmallestunitinthemeaningsystemofalanguage.Thelexeme“give”includesasmembers“give”,“gives”,“given”,“giving”,“gave”,butexcludes“giver”and“givers”.Alexemeisanabstractunit.Itcanoccurinmanydifferentformsinactualspokenandwrittensentences.Awordisaminimalmea
2、ningfulunitofalanguagethatcanfunctionindependently.Morphemesareknownasminimalmeaningfulunitsofalanguage.2、组合形式Acombiningformisaboundrootthatcanformanewwordbycombiningwithanothercombiningform,aword,orsometimesanaffix,forexampletechno-and-phobeintechnophobe.3、区别RootbasestermnArootisthe
3、basicformofawordwhichcannotthefurtheranalyzedwithouttotallossofidentity.e.g.internationalnAbaseisaformtowhichaffixesofanykind(bothderivationalandinflectional)canbeadded.e.g.grace----graceful----ungracefulnThestemisusedonlywhenwedealwithinflectionalaffixes,soanyformtowhichaninflection
4、alaffixisattachedisastem.e.g.works,workers,workshops4、转化法定义Conversionistheformationofnewwordsbyconvertingwordsofoneclasstoanotherclass.Sincewordsthataremadedonotchangeinmorphologicalstructurebutinfunction,thisprocessisalsoknownasfunctionalshift.Wordsproducedbyconversionareprimarilyno
5、uns,adjectives,andverbs.N---VbottletobottleAdj----VdrytodryV------Nlookhavealook5、截短法定义及分类Clipping/shortening(截短法)istheformationofnewwordsbycuttingapartofftheoriginalandusingwhatremainsinstead.Wordsformedinthiswayarecalled“clippedwords”.Therearefourcommontypesofclipping:apocope/backc
6、lipping,aphaeresis/frontclipping,frontandbackclipping,syncope.例子exam---examinationphone---telephonetec----detectivepacifist----pacificist6、关联意义的定义与分类Associativemeaningisthesecondarymeaningsupplementedtotheconceptualmeaning.Itdiffersfromtheconceptualmeaninginthatitisopen-endedandindet
7、erminate.1.Connotativemeaningreferstotheovertones(弦外之音)orassociationssuggestedbytheconceptualmeaning.woman--frail,cowardly,emotional2.Affectivemeaningexpressesthespeaker’sattitudetowardsthepersonorthinginquestion.dearhello3.Collocativemeaningisthatpartofthewordmeaningsuggestedbythewo
8、rdswithwhich
