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1、专题限时训练(三十七) [科普知识型阅读理解(一)](限时：25分钟)4 (一)Trafficlightsarekeytoolsforregulatingtrafficnow.Theyarenot,however,perfect.Driversexchangethetrafficjamsthatwouldhappenatunmanagedcrossingsforapatternofstopgomovementthatcanstillbeannoying,andwhichburnsmor
2、efuelthanasmoothpassagewould.Creatingsuchasmoothpassagemeansadjustingavehicle'sspeedsothatitalwaysarrivesatthelightswhentheyaregreen.Thatistheoreticallypossible,butpracticallyhard.Roadsidesignswiredtotrafficlightscanhelpgetthemessageacrossacouplehundredmetresfro
3、macrossing,butsuchsignsareexpensive,andarenotwidespread.MargaretMartonosiandEmmanouilKoukoumidisatPrincetonUniversity,andLiShiuanPehattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,however,haveanideathatcouldmaketheprocesscheaperandmoreeffective.Insteadofahardwirednetwor
4、kofsigns,theyproposetousemobilephoneapplications.Foradrivertobenefit,hemustloadtheteam'ssoftware,namedSignalGuru,intohisphoneandthenputitonaspecialthingattachedtotheinsideofhiscar'swindscreen,withthecameralens(镜头)pointingforward.SignalGuruisdesignedtodetecttraff
5、iclightsandtracktheirstatusasred,yelloworgreen.Itbroadcaststhisinformationtootherphonesintheareathatarefittedwiththesamesoftware,and—ifthereareenoughofthem,thephonesthuseachknowthestatusofmostofthelightsaroundtown.Usingthisinformation,SignalGuruisabletocalculate
6、thetrafficlightschedulefortheareaandsuggestthespeedatwhichadrivershouldtravelinordertoavoidredlights.TestsinCambridge,Massachusetts,wherefivedriverswereaskedtofollowthesamerouteforthreehours,andinSingapore,whereeightdriverswereaskedtofollowoneoftworoutesfor30min
7、utes,revealedthatSignalGuruwascapableofpredictingtrafficlightactivitywithanaccuracyof98.2%and96.3%respectively,inthetwocities.ThiswasparticularlyimpressivebecauseinCambridgethelightsshifted,roughlyhalfwaythroughthetest,fromtheirunbusyscheduletotheirafternoontraf
8、ficschedule,whileinSingaporelightsareadaptive,usingdetectorsfixedundertheroadtodeterminehowmuchtrafficispresentandthuswhenasignalshouldchange.InneithercasewasSignalGu
