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1、TheVoyageoftheBeaglebyCharlesDarwinPreviousChapterNextChapterChapter17-GalapagosArchipelagoSEPTEMBER15th.--Thisarchipelagoconsistsoftenprincipalislands,ofwhichfiveexceedtheothersinsize.TheyaresituatedundertheEquator,andbetweenfiveandsixhundredmileswestwardofthecoastofAmerica.Theyareal
2、lformedofvolcanicrocks;afewfragmentsofgranitecuriouslyglazedandalteredbytheheat,canhardlybeconsideredasanexception.Someofthecraters,surmountingthelargerislands,areofimmensesize,andtheyrisetoaheightofbetweenthreeandfourthousandfeet.Theirflanksarestuddedbyinnumerablesmallerorifices.Isca
3、rcelyhesitatetoaffirm,thattheremustbeinthewholearchipelagoatleasttwothousandcraters.Theseconsisteitheroflavaorscoriae,oroffinely-stratified,sandstone-liketuff.Mostofthelatterarebeautifullysymmetrical;theyowetheirorigintoeruptionsofvolcanicmudwithoutanylava:itisaremarkablecircumstancet
4、hateveryoneofthetwenty-eighttuff-craterswhichwereexamined,hadtheirsouthernsideseithermuchlowerthantheothersides,orquitebrokendownandremoved.Asallthesecratersapparentlyhavebeenformedwhenstandinginthesea,andasthewavesfromthetradewindandtheswellfromtheopenPacifichereunitetheirforcesonthe
5、southerncoastsofalltheislands,thissingularuniformityinthebrokenstateofthecraters,composedofthesoftandyieldingtuff,iseasilyexplained.Consideringthattheseislandsareplaceddirectlyundertheequator,theclimateisfarfrombeingexcessivelyhot;thisseemschieflycausedbythesingularlylowtemperatureoft
6、hesurroundingwater,broughtherebythegreatsouthern[map]Polarcurrent.Exceptingduringoneshortseason,verylittlerainfalls,andeventhenitisirregular;butthecloudsgenerallyhanglow.Hence,whilstthelowerpartsoftheislandsareverysterile,theupperparts,ataheightofathousandfeetandupwards,possessadampcl
7、imateandatolerablyluxuriantvegetation.Thisisespeciallythecaseonthewindwardsidesoftheislands,whichfirstreceiveandcondensethemoisturefromtheatmosphere.Inthemorning(17th)welandedonChathamIsland,which,liketheothers,riseswithatameandroundedoutline,brokenhereandtherebyscatteredhillocks,the2
8、2用心爱心
