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1、CHAPTER1,SectionFF.TheEthicalSenseinDreamsForreasonswhichwillbeintelligibleonlyafteraconsiderationofmyowninvestigationsofdreams,Ihaveisolatedfromthepsychologyofthedreamthesubsidiaryproblemastowhetherandtowhatextentthemoraldispositionsandfeelingsofwakinglifeex
2、tendintodream-life.Thesamecontradictionswhichweweresurprisedtoobserveinthedescriptionsbyvariousauthorsofalltheotherpsychicactivitieswillsurpriseusagainhere.Somewritersflatlyassertthatdreamsknownothingofmoralobligations;othersasdecidedlydeclarethatthemoralnatu
3、reofmanpersistseveninhisdream-life.Ourordinaryexperienceofdreamsseemstoconfirmbeyondalldoubtthecorrectnessofthefirstassertion.Jessensays(p.553):"Nordoesonebecomebetterormorevirtuousduringsleep;onthecontrary,itseemsthatconscienceissilentinourdreams,inasmuchaso
4、nefeelsnocompassionandcancommittheworstcrimes,suchastheft,murder,andhomicide,withperfectindifferenceandwithoutsubsequentremorse."Radestock(p.146)says:"Itistobenotedthatindreamsassociationsareeffectedandideascombinedwithoutbeinginanywayinfluencedbyreflection,r
5、eason,aesthetictaste,andmoraljudgment;thejudgmentisextremelyweak,andethicalindifferencereignssupreme."Volkelt(p.23)expresseshimselfasfollows:"Aseveryoneknows,dreamsareespeciallyunbridledinsexualmatters.Justasthedreamerhimselfisshamelessintheextreme,andwhollyl
6、ackinginmoralfeelingandjudgment,solikewisedoesheseeothers,eventhemostrespectedpersons,doingthingswhich,eveninhisthoughts,hewouldblushtoassociatewiththeminhiswakingstate."UtteranceslikethoseofSchopenhauer,thatindreamseverymanactsandtalksincompleteaccordancewit
7、hhischaracter,areinsharpestcontradictiontothosementionedabove.R.Ph.Fischer*maintainsthatthesubjectivefeelingsanddesires,oraffectsandpassions,manifestthemselvesinthewilfulnessofthedream-life,andthatthemoralcharacteristicsofamanaremirroredinhisdreams.*Grundzuge
8、desSystemsderAnthropologie.Erlangen,1850(quotedbySpitta).Haffnersays(p.25):"Withrareexceptions...avirtuousmanwillbevirtuousalsoinhisdreams;hewillresisttemptation,andshownosympathyforhatre