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1、HISTORYOFROMAN-1ChapterI:TheExtentOfTheEmpireInTheAgeOfTheAntonines.Antoninies.PartI.Introduction.TheExtentAndMilitaryForceOfTheEmpireInTheAgeOfTheAntonines.InthesecondcenturyoftheChristianAera,theempireofRomecomprehendedthefairestpartoftheearth,andthemostcivilizedportiono
2、fmankind.Thefrontiersofthatextensivemonarchywereguardedbyancientrenownanddisciplinedvalor.Thegentlebutpowerfulinfluenceoflawsandmannershadgraduallycementedtheunionoftheprovinces.Theirpeacefulinhabitantsenjoyedandabusedtheadvantagesofwealthandluxury.Theimageofafreeconstitut
3、ionwaspreservedwithdecentreverence:theRomansenateappearedtopossessthe73用心爱心专心sovereignauthority,anddevolvedontheemperorsalltheexecutivepowersofgovernment.Duringahappyperiodofmorethanfourscoreyears,thepublicadministrationwasconductedbythevirtueandabilitiesofNerva,Trajan,Had
4、rian,andthetwoAntonines.Itisthedesignofthis,andofthetwosucceedingchapters,todescribetheprosperousconditionoftheirempire;andafterwards,fromthedeathofMarcusAntoninus,todeducethemostimportantcircumstancesofitsdeclineandfall;arevolutionwhichwilleverberemembered,andisstillfeltb
5、ythenationsoftheearth.TheprincipalconquestsoftheRomanswereachievedundertherepublic;andtheemperors,forthemostpart,weresatisfiedwithpreservingthosedominionswhichhadbeenacquiredbythepolicyofthesenate,theactiveemulationsoftheconsuls,andthemartialenthusiasmofthepeople.Thesevenf
6、irstcenturieswerefilledwitharapidsuccessionoftriumphs;butitwasreservedforAugustustorelinquishtheambitiousdesignofsubduingthewholeearth,andtointroduceaspiritofmoderationintothepubliccouncils.Inclinedtopeacebyhistemperandsituation,itwaseasyforhimtodiscoverthatRome,inherprese
7、ntexaltedsituation,hadmuchlesstohopethantofear73用心爱心专心fromthechanceofarms;andthat,intheprosecutionofremotewars,theundertakingbecameeverydaymoredifficult,theeventmoredoubtful,andthepossessionmoreprecarious,andlessbeneficial.TheexperienceofAugustusaddedweighttothesesalutaryr
8、eflections,andeffectuallyconvincedhimthat,bytheprudentvigorofhiscounsels,itwouldbeeasytos
