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1、高考英语《流行话题语境识词4500》Unit73 YouMakeMonaLisaSmile素材Unit73 YouMakeMonaLisaSmile Fornearly500years,peoplehavebeengazingatLeonardodaVinci'sportraitoftheMonaLisawithpuzzle.Firstsheissmiling.Thenthesmilefades.Amomentlaterthesmilereturnsonlytodisappearagain.Whatisitwiththislady'sface?Howdidthegrea
2、tpaintercapturesuchamysteriousexpressionandhaven'totherartistscopiedit?TheItalianshaveawordtoexplainMonaLisa'ssmile:sfumato.Itmeansblurry,ambiguousanduptoimagination. ButnowaccordingtoDr.Livingstone,aHarvardneuroscientist,thereisanother,moreconcreteexplanation.MonaLisa'ssmilecomesandgoes,
3、becauseofhowthehumanvisualsystemisdesigned,notbecausetheexpressionisambiguous.Dr.Livingstoneisanauthorityonvisualprocessing,withaspecialinterestinhowtheeyeandbraindealwithdifferentlevelsofcontrastandillumination. Instaringatthepicture,Dr.Livingstonenoticedakindofflickeringquality.Thesmile
4、comesandgoesasafunctionofwheretheviewer'seyesare.Thehumaneyehastwodistinctregionsforseeingtheworld.Acentralarea,calledthefovea,iswherepeopleseecolors,readfineprint,pickoutdetails.Theperipheralarea,surroundingthefovea,iswherepeopleseeblackandwhite,motionandshadows. Whenpeoplelookataface,th
5、eireyesspendmostofthetimefocusingontheotherperson'seyes,thuswhenaperson'scenterofgazeisonMonaLisa'seyes,hislessaccurateperipheralvisionisonhermouth.Andbecauseperipheralvisionisnotinterestedindetail,itreadilypicksupshadowsfromMonaLisa'scheekbones.Theseshadowssuggestandenhancethecurvatureofa
6、smile.Butwhentheviewer'seyesgodirectlytoMonaLisa'smouth,hiscentralvisiondoesn'tseetheshadows,you'llneverbeabletocatchhersmilebylookingathermouth.Theflickeringquality--withsmilepresentandsmilegone--occursaspeoplemovetheireyesaroundMonaLisa'sface. TheactressGeenaDavisalsoshowstheMonaLisaeff
7、ect--alwaysseemingtobesmiling,evenwhensheisn't,becausehercheekbonesaresoprominent. "Idon'tmeantotakeawaythemysteryofLeonado,"Dr.Livingstonesaid."Hewasageniuswhocapturedsomethingfromreallifethatrarelygetsnoticedinreallife.Ittooktherestofus500yearstofigureout."
