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1、第九讲形容词副词一.形容词的作用形容词是用来修饰名词的,常被放在名词前作定语,或放在系动词后面作表语。1.作定语:特别注意多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序。形容词短语作定语,定语后置。alanguagedifficulttomaster,aleaningtowerabout180feethigh2.作表语:通常与系动词be,get,grow,become,feel,appear,prove,seem,look,keep,smell,taste,sound,turn,remain等连用。如:Ourclassroomisc
2、lean.Theweatherisgettingcoolerandcooler.3.作宾补:如:Thenewsmadeeveryonehappy.4.与定冠词一起表示某一类人或物,在句中可作主语、宾语。如:Therichandthepoorliveverydifferentlives.5.作状语,表示伴随状况、原因、结果等。如:Hewenttobed,coldandhungry.Shestaredintothedistance,speechlessforamoment.二.副词的作用副词的定义:副词是一种用来修饰动
3、词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。一般位于形容词之前,动词之后或句子之首。1.作状语:通常修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。如:Weshouldconstantlyreviewourlessons.2.作表语:Nowsummerisin.3.作定语:如:Thepopulationhereisgettingsmallerandsmaller.Onemywayhome,Isawanoldladysittingunderatreealone.4.作宾补(副词构成复合宾语的情况较少)如:Isaw
4、MrsGreenoutwithherhusband.5.构成短语:表示位置的副词可与动词构成短语,表示特定的意思。如:pickout(挑选),turnup(露面) 副词的分类:1.时间和频度副词:now,then,often,always,usually,early,today,lately,next,last,already,generally,frequently,seldom,ever,never,yet,soon,too,immediately,hardly,finally,shortly,before,a
5、go,sometimes,yesterday2.地点副词:here,there,everywhere,anywhere,in,out,inside,outside,above,below,down,back,forward,home,upstairs,downstairs,across,along,round,around,near,off,past,up,away,on.3.方式副词:carefully,properly,anxiously,suddenly,normally,fast,well,calmly,p
6、olitely,proudly,softly,warmly 4.程度副词:much,little,very,rather,so,too,still,quite,perfectly,enough,extremely,entirely,almost,slightly. 5.疑问副词:how,when,where,why. 6.关系副词:when,where,why. 7.连接副词:how,when,where,why,whe
7、ther. 三.容易出错的几个注意点1.下列以a-开头的形容词通常只用作表语:表语形容词(afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、aliveashamed,afloat(飘浮的),aware(知道的)等。)作定语,定语后置。如amanalive。amanafraid(害怕的人),thegreatestmanalive(健在的最伟大的人)theonlychildawake(唯一醒着的孩子)有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、faint、ill只作表语。s
8、ick既可作表语又可作定语。另外,unable,content(满足的),ill(生病的),通常不可用作定语;ill作定语时,通常是"坏的,邪恶的"意思。尽管现在已有人用ill作前置定语表示生病的,well表示健康的,习惯上还是用sick,healthy等作前置定语为好。注意:(1)多数以a-开头的形容词不直接用very修饰,通常习惯说法如:verymuch