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1、BasicFirstAidAccidentshappenanywhereandanytime.Thefirstresponsetoanaccidentisthemostimportant.Oftentimes,firstaidgivenatthescenecanimprovethevictim’schancesofsurvivalandagoodrecovery.Therightresponseisbetterthananincorrectquickone.Anyresponse,evenifitiswrong,isbette
2、rthannoneatall.UnconsciousVictimIfthevictimisunconscious,performrescuebreathing.(Rescuebreathingisexplainedlateroninthissection.)Ifthevictim’shearthasstoppedbeating,performresuscitation(CPR)ifyouhavebeenproperlytrainedtodoso.ShockShockusuallyaccompaniessevereinjuryo
3、remotionalupset.Thesignsarecoldandclammyskin,paleface,chills,confusion,frequentnauseaorvomitingandshallowbreathing.Untilemergencyhelparrives,havethevictimliedownwiththelegselevated.Keepthevictimcoveredtopreventchillingorlossofbodyheat.Givenon-alcoholicfluidsifthevic
4、timisabletoswallowandhasnotsustainedanabdominalinjury.BleedingUntilemergencyhelparrives,trytocontrolbleeding.Ifpossible,firstputonrubberorlatexglovesbeforetouchingblood.Ifthesearenotavailable,acleanplasticbagcanbeusedtocoveryourhands.Itisimportantnottocomeincontactw
5、ithbloodbecauseofthehealthrisks.Iffingerorhandpressureisinadequatetocontrolbleeding,placeathickpadofcleanclothorbandagedirectlyoverthewound,andholdinplacewithabelt,bandage,necktiesorclothstrips.Takecarenottostopthecirculationtotherestofthelimb.Forinjurieswhereatieca
6、nnotbeused,suchastothegroin,back,chest,headandneck,placeathickpadofcleanclothorbandagedirectlyoverthewoundandcontrolthebleedingwithfingerorhandpressure.Ifbonesarenotbroken,raisethebleedingparthigherthantherestofthebody.Iftheinjuryisextensive,thevictimmaygointoshocka
7、ndshouldbetreatedforit.Asalastresort,atourniquetcanbeappliedtostopbleeding.Thereisariskofsacrificingalimbtosavealife.Atourniquetisawidebandofclothorothermaterialtightlyplacedjustabovethewoundtostopallflowofblood.Atourniquetcrushesthetissueandcancausepermanentdamaget
8、onervesandbloodvessels.Onceinplace,atourniquetmustbeleftthereuntilaphysicianremovesit.Thevictimmustbetakentomedicalhelpassoonaspossible.Bu
