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1、江苏省常州市西夏墅中学高中英语Unit3Backtothepast文化背景牛津译林版必修3PompeiiPompeiiisoneofthemostsignificantproofsofRomancivilizationand,likeanopenbook,providesoutstandinginformationontheart,customs,tradesandeverydaylifeofthepast.Thecityhasre-emergedfromthedarknessofcenturi
2、espreciselyasitwouldhavebeenwhenitwasunexpectedlyburiedinthethicklayerofashandlavawhichpoureddownfromthedevastatingeruptionofVesuvius.Itwastheyear79A.D.Thescaleofthetragedywasappalling:inwhathadbeenoneofthemostactiveandsplendidRomancentres,lifecameto
3、apermanentstandstill.Thethicklayerofvolcanicmaterialwhichsubmergedit,madeuptoalargeextentofashandlapilli-non-hardmaterial,unlikethatwhichcoveredHerculaneumandwhichsolidifiedintoextremelyhardstone-hasmeantthatthecityhasremainedintactuntilthepresentday
4、,notonlyasfarasitsbuildingsareconcerned,butalsoasregardsthecontentsinsidethehousesandshops,providinganabsolutelyfascinatingpictureof"daily"life.Thewallsofthehousesarecoveredwithelectoralpropagandamessagesorrisquejokesaimedatparticularcitizens.Thesign
5、sontheshopdoorwaysindicatetheactivitycarriedoutthereorthenameoftheowner.Alongsidetheelegantvillasbelongingtothenobilityandtheluxuriousresidencesofthemiddleclass,standmodesthouseswhereseveralfamilieslived.Thepeasantdwellingsontheotherhandaresituatedar
6、oundvegetablegardensorsmallplotsofland.Ontheedgeofthecitystoodthebrothels,squalidroomsintendedasplacesofpleasureforsailorsandtravellerspassingthrough,inthenarrowlanes,theworkshopsandutilityroomsprovidefurtherevidenceofthedailyroutineperformedbyworkme
7、nandslavesaswellasthewomenofthehouse.Thehousesstillcontainfurniture,ornaments,goldandsilverware,worktools,kitchenware,bronzeandterracottalamps,foodstuffsofallkinds,countersforservingdrinks,grainmillsandgrindstones,workshopsformanufacturingcloth,smith
8、iesandoutletssellinggroceries,fruitandvegetables.ThereisaremarkablerecordofRomanpainting,ofwhich,withoutthefindsmadeinPompeii,virtuallynothingwouldbeknown.Thearchitectureanddevelopmentofthevarioustypesofhousesisalsoamplydocumented.Thustheexcavatedcit
