Renaissance 英国文学 文艺复兴时期.doc

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1、TheRenaissanceHistoricalbackground:Thebreakingupoffeudalrelationsandtheestablishingofthefoundationsofcapitalism;Theenclosure;thewaroftheRoses;thestrengtheningoftheabsolutemonarchy;theriseofthebourgeoisie;thedefeatoftheSpanishArmada.Newsocialandeconomicconditionsbroughtaboutgreatchange

2、sinthedevelopmentofscienceandart.Sowiththestrengtheningofnewbourgeoisnationalstate,thisperiodismarkedbyaflourishingofnationalcultureknownastheRenaissance.Renaissance:Arebith,revivalofclassical(GreekandRoman)arts,literatureandsciencesbetween14thandmid17thcenturiesinEurope,thegreatestag

3、eofhumanaccomplishments.TwostrikingfeaturesoftheRenaissance1)Athirstingcuriosityfortheclassicalliterature;2)Thekeeninterestintheactivitiesofhumanity(PeopleceasedtolookuponthemselvesaslivingonlyforGodandafutureworldandturnedtoadmirationforhumanbeautyandhumanachievement);Renaissancemark

4、sthetransitionfrommedievaltomodernworld,fromfeudaltocapitalist,fromreligioustosecularsociety.InthisperiodtheEuropeanhumanistthinkersandscholarsmadeattemptstoabolisholdfeudalideasinmedievalEurope(thechurch-centeredculturewhichwerecharacterizedbyGod-centeredness,otherworldlinessandascet

5、icism.)andtointroducenewideasoftherisingbourgeoisie(humanism,theman-centeredcultureinwhichmanisthemeasureofallthings.),andtocarryourreligiousreformation.RenaissancedidnotbegintoshowitseffectinEnglanduntilthereignofHenryVIII(1509-1547)owingtoEngland’sseparationfromtheContinentanditsdom

6、esticunrest.EncouragedbyHenryVIII,theOxfordreformers,scholarsandhumanistsintroducedclassicalliteraturetoEngland.Educationwasrevitalizedandliteraturebecamemorepopular.Fromthebeginningofthe16thc,theEnglishRenaissancewitnessedthebriskdevelopmentofliterature:thetranslationofancientEnglish

7、,ItalianandFrenchworks,aswellasclassicalworksofGreeceandRome;booksofdiscoveriesandadventures;thefloweringofsonnets;thehighestgloryoftheEnglishrenaissanceisitsdrama(theElizabethandrama).ThiswasEngland’sgoldenageinliterature.ThereappearedmanyliterarygiantssuchasShakespeare,Spenser,Jonso

8、n,Sid