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1、BALANCINGACT:MAJORPOWERSANDTHEGLOBALRESPONSETOUS-CHINAGREATPOWERCOMPETITIONMODERATOR’SSUMMARYTheworld’smajorpowersarecurrentlyengagedinacarefulbalancingactwhenitcomestonavigatingthecomplexandever-changingcompetitionbetweentheUnitedStatesandChina.Thisdiscussionfocuseson
2、theactorsthathaveagencyinthisdynamic,andhoweachisapproachingtheescalationofU.S.-Chinarivalry.TheUnitedStatesandChinaarenowtheworld’sclearnumberoneandnumbertwoineconomicscale,energyconsumption,carbonemissions,militaryspending,andtechnology.Formostmetricsindicativeofrela
3、tiveinternationalpower,thereisasubstantialandgrowinggapbetweenthetoptwopowers(theU.S.andChina)andtherest(withtheexceptionofgrossdomesticproduct,ifyouconsiderthecombinedGDPoftheEuropeanUnionmemberstates).ThecountriesdiscussedinthisinterviewallhavedeeptieswithboththeUnit
4、edStatesandChina.Theyarefacedwithincreasinglydifficultdecisionsregardingtheircurrentandfuturerelationswithbothgreatpowers.Howarethesecountriesattemptingtocope,survive,andshapetherivalry,andtowhatextentaretherecommonalitiesordivergencesofstrategyacrosstheseissues?InJanu
5、ary2020,BruceJonessatdownwithfiveotherBrookingsscholars—FionaHill,TanviMadan,AmandaSloat,MireyaSolís,andConstanzeStelzenmüller—todiscusshowU.S.-ChinarivalryisunfoldinginIndia,Japan,theUnitedKingdom,theEuropeanUnion(withafocusonGermany),Russia,andTurkey.Intheinterview,k
6、eyareasofgeopoliticalcompetition,includingtechnology,infrastructuredevelopment,trade,andseapower,areexplored.Theeditedtranscriptbelowreflectstheirassessments.TheinterviewwasconductedbeforetheCOVID-19outbreakbecameaglobalpandemic.Whilesomemighthavethoughtthattheoutbreak
7、ofaninfectiousdiseasewouldhavetriggeredpatternsofcooperation,thathasnotbeentheresponseofWashingtonandBeijingwhenitcomestorelationswithoneanother.Rather,COVID-19hasbothaddedfueltothesimmeringU.S.-Chinarivalry,andturnedglobalpublichealthandhealthinstitutionsintoyetanothe
8、rbattlegroundofthatrivalry—tothedeepdiscomfortoftheotherpowersdiscussedhere.Atthetimeofpublication,internationalpubli
