澳门科技大学微观经济学课件.ppt

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1、Chapter6PerfectlyCompetitiveSupplyLearningObjectivesRelateopportunitycosttothesupplycurveDiscusstherelationshipbetweenthesupplycurveforanindividualfirmandthesupplycurvefortheindustryDetermineaperfectlycompetitivefirm'sprofit-maximizingoutputandprofitintheshortrunConnectthedet

2、erminantsofsupplywiththefactorsthataffectindividualfirm'scostsDefineandcalculateproducersurplusProductivityChangesOverTimeProductivityisoutputperunitofinputLaborproductivityinmanufacturinghasincreasedIncreasedcapitalperworkerRobotsLaborproductivityinserviceshasgrownmoreslowly

3、Teaching■OrchestrasBarbers■DoctorsManufacturingwagesandservicewagesincreaseataboutthesameratesPrincipleofOpportunityCostBuyersandSuppliersCost-BenefitPrincipleisbehinddecisionmakingBuyers:buyonemoreunit?Onlyifthemarginalbenefit(marginalutility)isatleastasgreatasmarginalcostSe

4、llers:sellonemoreunit?Onlyifmarginalbenefit(marginalrevenue)isatleastasgreatasmarginalcostOpportunityCostalsomattersBuyers:hamburgerorpizza?Sellers:recyclealuminumorwashdishes?OpportunityCostOpportunitycostofHarry'stimeWashdishesfor$6perhourishisbaselineRecyclingaluminumcansi

5、sthealternativeHarryearnsthedeposit,2¢percanHowmuchlaborshouldHarrysupplytoeachactivity?Harryshouldworkatrecyclingaslongasheisearningatleast$6perhourRecyclingServicesHoursperDayTotalNumberofContainersFound00160021,00031,30041,50051,600AdditionalNumberofCansFound60040030020010

6、0RecyclingServicesHarryearnsmorerecyclingcansforthefirsttwohoursThirdhourisatiewithwashingdishesHarry'sruleistocollectcansifthereturnisthesameaswashingdishesHarryspends3hoursrecyclingHoursperDayAdditionalNumberofCansFoundRevenuefromAdditionalCans1600$12.002400$8.003300$6.0042

7、00$4.005100$2.00RecyclingServicesSupposethedepositgoesupto4¢percanHarrywillspend4hoursperdayrecyclingSupposeHarry'sdishwashingwageincreasesto$7Depositstaysat2¢eachHarrycollectscansfor2hoursadayHarryrecyclesmoreifCandepositincreaseDish-washingwagedecreasesHoursperDayAdditional

8、NumberofCansFound16002400330042005100ReservationPricePerCanWhatisthe