阅读理解讲义.doc

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1、Inaworldasfast-changingandfullofinformationasourown,allofusneedtoknowhowtolearnwell.Yetevidencesuggeststhatmostofusdon’tusethelearningtechniquesthatsciencehasprovedthemosteffective.Thescientificliteratureevaluatingthesetechniquesgoesbacktodecadesandacr

2、ossthousandsofarticles.It’sfartooextensiveandcomplexfortheaverageparent,teacheroremployertolookthrough.Fortunately,ateamoffiveleadingpsychologistshavedonethejobforus.ProfessorJohnDunloskyandotherpsychologistscloselyexamined10learningstrategiesandratede

3、achfromhightolowutility(实用)onthebasisoftheevidencethey’vegathered.Here’spartoftheirconclusions:Incontrasttofamiliarpractices,theeffectivelearningstrategieswiththemostevidencetosupportthemaren’twellknownoutsidethelab.Takedistributedpractice,forexample.T

4、hisstrategyinvolvesspreadingoutyourstudytime,ratherthanengaginginonemarathon.Cramming(死记硬背）informationatthelastminutemayallowyoutogetthroughthattestormeeting,butthematerialwillquicklydisappearfromyourmemory.It’smuchmoreeffectivetolookthroughthematerial

5、atintervalsovertime.Andthelongeryouwanttoremembertheinformation,whetherit’stwoweeksortwoyears,thelongertheintervalsshouldbe.ThesecondlearningstrategythatishighlyrecommendedbyDunloskyispracticetesting.Yes,moretests---buttherenotforagrade.Researchshowsth

6、atthemereactofcallinginformationtomindstrengthensthatknowledgeandaidsinfutureretrieval(检索).Whilepracticetestingisnotacommonstrategy---despitethestrongevidencesupportingit---thereisonefamiliarapproachthatcapturesitsbenefits:usingflashcards.Andnowflashca

7、rdscanbepresentedindigitalform.Bothdistributedpracticeandpracticetestingwereratedashaving“highutility”byDunlosky.51.Howdidthepsychologistsstudyandratethelearningstrategies?A.Byanalyzingthematerialsgatheredinthepastyears.B.Byaskingsomestudentsquestionsa

8、bouttheirstudy.C.Bydoingsomeexperimentsontheobjectsinthelab.D.Byaskingparentsandteacherstolookthroughthearticles.52.Theunderlinedword“extensive”inPara.2means_____.A.smallinamountB.easyorquicktodoC.morethanisneededD.dealingwithalotofinfo