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1、6.2MainTypesofWordMeaning6.2.1GrammaticalmeaningGrammaticalmeaningconsistsofword-classandinflectionalparadigm(词形变化).1.Word-class:Word-classistraditionallyknownasthepartofspeechoftheword.e.g.modern:adj.,modernize:v,modernization:n2.Lexicalmeaningisdominantincontentwords,whereasgrammaticalmea
2、ningisdominantinfunctionwords,butinneithercaseisgrammaticalmeaningabsent.Thetwokindsofmeaningcanbedemonstratedbynonsenseverse:LewisCarroll's"Jabberwocky",in"ThroughtheLookingGlass”,1871.(firststanza)"Twasbrillig,andtheslithytovesDidgyreandgimbleinthewabeAllmimsyweretheborogoves,Andthemomera
3、thoutgrabe.”.Nonsensesentencesorversesarenotstringsofrandomwordsputtogether.Thewordsarecombinedaccordingtoregularrulesofsyntaxwithgrammaticalsignals,i.e.functionwords,exceptthatthecontentwordsarearbitrarilyinventedwithoutlexicalmeaningandwhatisleftisonlygrammaticalmeaning2.Inflectionalparad
4、igm词形变化e.g.cat--cats,mouse--mice;great--greatertowalk--walked,towrite—writes,wrote,writtenThesetofgrammaticalformsofawordarecalleditsparadigm.Nounsaredeclined,verbsareconjugated(动词)变化,andgradable可分级的adjectiveshavedegreesofcomparison.Thelexicalmeaningofawordisthesamethroughouttheparadigm;tha
5、tis,alltheword-formsofoneandthesamewordhavethesamelexicalmeaning,yetthegrammaticalmeaningvariesfromoneword-formtoanother;Ontheotherhandthegrammaticalmeaningisthesameinidenticalsetofindividualformsofdifferentwords,e.g.played,sang,worked,etc.desks,data,boxes,etc.6.2.2LexicalmeaningAnothercomp
6、onentofwordmeaningislexicalmeaning,whichisdifferentfromgrammaticalmeaningintworespects:a.Lexicalmeaningofawordisthesameinalltheformsofoneandthesamewordwhilethegrammaticalmeaningvariesfromoneword-formtoanother;b.Everywordhasadifferentlexicalmeaning,whereasthegrammaticalmeaningisthesameiniden
7、ticalsetsofindividualformsofdifferentwords.1.DenotativemeaningDenotativemeaning/conceptualmeaning.Itisthecentralfactorinlinguisticcommunication.Oneofthefunctionsofwordsistodesignateordescribesomething,suchasanobject,aproperty,aprocessorastateofaffairs.".
