2019年十九世纪的语言学课件.ppt

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1、HistoricalLinguisticsinthe19thCentury十九世纪的历史语言学ComparativeandHistoricalLinguistics历史比较语言学Historicallinguisticsisabranchoflinguistics,whichstudiesthedevelopmenthistoryofalanguageorlanguages.Itisalsocalleddiachroniclinguistics（历时语言学）.Comparativeandhistoricallinguisticsrefert

2、othehistoricalresearchoflanguagesbasedonthecomparisonofthem.Workonthehistoricalrelationsbetweenlanguagesbeforethe19thcenturyDante但丁(1265-1321)Devulgarieloquentia《论俗语》Differentdialectscomefromthesamelanguage;similarly,differentlanguagescomefromasinglesourcelanguage.Language

3、familyGermanic日耳曼语系Latin拉丁语系Greek希腊语系Workonthehistoricalrelationsbetweenlanguagesbeforethe19thcenturyJ.J.Scalinger斯卡利杰（1540-1609),hedispensedwithtwofallaciousdogmas:thesupposedlylinearhistoricalrelationbetweenGreekandLatin.theallegedoriginofalllanguagesinHebrew.J.J.Scaling

4、er斯卡利杰（1540-1609)Scalingerrecognized11languagefamilies,4majorand7minorones.Withinthefamiliesthememberlanguagesweregeneticallyrelatedbutbetweenthemnorelationshipcouldbeestablished.GottfriedWilhelmvonLeibniz莱布尼茨（1646-1746）Hepointedtotheevidenceinplacenamesandrivernamesofthee

5、arlierdistributionoflanguagesovertheareasfromwhichtheyhadlaterrecededeitherthroughtheexpulsionofthespeakersorthereplacementofthelanguageafterthearrivalofnewcomers.importantintheworldoflinguisticscience:1786SirWilliamJones,ajudgeintheBritishcourtinIndia,readhisfamouspaperto

6、theRoyalAsiaticSocietyinCalcutta,establishingthekinshipofSanskritwithLatin,GreekandtheGermaniclanguages.SignificanceofthestudyofSanskritThecomparisonbetweenSanskritandEuropeanlanguagesstartedthecomparativestudiesoflanguages.ThestudyofSanskritledtothediscoveryofthelinguisti

7、cachievementsinIndiaandpromotedthedevelopmentoflinguistics.Grimm’slawandVerner’slaw格里姆定律和维尔纳定律ThecorrespondencesbetweenconsonantsofGermaniclanguagesandotherlanguages.辅音的一致性wordGreekGothicfootpousfotusheartkardiahairtoGreekGothicpfKhGrimm’slawandVerner’slaw格里姆定律和维尔纳定律Soun

8、dshiftisinfluencedbystressplacementwordSanskritO.E我变成vartamiweorle我变成了vavartawearlExit—ex