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1、第31卷第8期中南林业科技大学学报Vol.31No.82011年8月JournalofCentralSouthUniversityofForestry&TechnologyAug.2011油茶花芽分化的形态解剖学特征观测1,2211111王湘南,蒋丽娟,陈永忠,王瑞,彭邵锋,陈隆升,马力(1.湖南省林业科学院,湖南长沙410004;2.中南林业科技大学,湖南长沙410004)摘要:采用常规石蜡切片法对普通油茶花芽分化过程中的形态解剖学特征进行了研究,同时对花芽的外部形态进行了观察。结果表明:¹油茶花芽顶生或腋生,单生、双生或多生,存在花芽、叶芽在一起
2、的混和芽;º花芽分化于5月上旬开始,9月中下旬基本完成,不同无性系花芽分化时期存在差异;»花芽分化过程可划分为6个时期:花芽前分化期、萼片形成期、花瓣形成期、雌雄蕊形成期、子房与花药形成期、雌雄蕊成熟期。从石蜡切片看出雌雄蕊原基同时出现,在雌雄蕊形成期雌雄蕊发育基本同步,在子房与花药形成期雌蕊发育略早于雄蕊,雌蕊下部先期膨大,向上延伸并合拢形成子房、子房室、胚珠、柱头,随后雄蕊加快伸长并形成花药,雌蕊花柱也开始伸长。在雌雄蕊成熟期各器官继续长大,发育日趋成熟;¼各发育时期有其对应的外观形态特征。关键词:油茶;花芽分化;外部形态;解剖结构中图分类号:S
3、794.4文献标志码:A文章编号:1673-923X(2011)08-0022-06ObservationonmorphologicalandanatomicalcharacteristicsoftheflowerbuddifferentiationonCamelliaoleiferaWANGXiang-nan1,2,JIANGL-ijuan2,CHENYong-zhong1,WANGRui1,PENGShao-feng1,11CHENLong-sheng,MALi(1.HunanAcademyofForestry,Changsha,410004,H
4、unan,China;2.CentralSouthUniversityofForestryandTechnology,Changsha410004,Hunan,China)Abstract:MorphologicalandanatomicalcharacteristicsandexternalmorphologyofCamelliaoleiferaflowerbudduringdifferentiationwerestudiedusingroutineparaffinsection.Theresultsshowthat¹solitary,didymo
5、usormultipleflowerbudswereaxillaryorterminal,,andtherewerealsomixedbuds;ºThedifferentiationofflowerbudstartedatthebeginningofMay,andendedatthemiddleandlaterSeptember,therewereslightlydifferencesa-mongdifferentclonesinflowerbuddifferentationperiod;»Theprocessofflowerbuddifferent
6、iationcanbedividedinto6periods:pre-differentiationofflowerbud,sepalformation,petalformation,stamenandpistilformation,an-therandovuleformation,aswellasstamenandpistilmaturity,stamenandpistilprimordiumdifferentiatedsimulta-neously,andstamenandpistilsynchronizeddevelopmentduringst
7、amenandpistilformation;Developmentofpistilwasslightlyearlierthanthatofstamenduringantherandovuleformation,firstlythelowerpartofpistilenlarged,thenextendedupwordandclosureup,formingovary、locule、ovuleandstigma,Subsequentlystamenelongatedquicklyandformedanther;Meanwhileovulewasals
8、oelongated,whenstamenandpistilmaturity.Attheperiodofst
