国际经济学英文版章节课件.ppt

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1、8RegionalTradingArrangementsIntroductionConsideredthesecondapproachtotradeliberalizationAsmallgroupofnations,typicallyonaregionalbasis,formanarrangementLowerbarrierswhiletradingwithmembernationsPreferentialtreatmentforgroupmembersRegionalIntegrationVersusMultilateralismRegionaltradinga

2、rrangementsTradebarriersreducedonlyforasmallgroupofpartnernationsMultilateralliberalization(WTO)TradeliberalizationextendedtoallWTOmembers,onanondiscriminatorybasisRegionaltradingblocscancomplementmultilateraltradingsystemLimitationsofRegionalIntegrationVersusMultilateralismDiscriminat

3、ory;adeparturefromtheprincipleofnormaltradingrelations,acornerstoneoftheWTOsystemCanactasstumblingblockstomultilateralismFactorssuggestingmembers’non-interestinworldwideliberalization:MaynotrealizeadditionaleconomiesofscalefromglobaltradeliberalizationMaywanttoinvesttimeandenergyinesta

4、blishingstrongregionallinkagesAdvantagesofRegionalIntegrationVersusMultilateralismWaysthatfosterglobalmarketopening:CanachievedeepereconomicintegrationamongmembersthanmultilateralaccordsEstablishmentofaregionalfree-tradeareasetsinplaceaself-reinforcingprocessAttractivefornonmemberstojo

5、inandreceivetradepreferencesEncouragespartialadjustmentofworkersoutofimport-competingindustriesandintoexportingindustriesbasedoncomparativeadvantagesTypesofRegionalTradingArrangementsFree-tradeareaCustomsunionCommonmarketExample:EuropeanUnion(EU)EconomicunionWouldincludethedimensionofa

6、monetaryunionImpetusforRegionalismAllowseconomiesoflarge-scaleproductionFostersspecializationandlearning-by-doingAttractsforeigninvestmentFostersavarietyofnoneconomicobjectivesManagingimmigrationflowsPromotingregionalsecurityEnhancesandsolidifiesdomesticeconomicreformsSmallernationsmay

7、seeksafe-haventradingarrangementswithlargernationsEffectsofaRegionalTradingArrangementStaticeffectsofeconomicintegrationOnproductiveefficiencyandconsumerwelfareDynamiceffectsofeconomicintegrationRelatestomembernations’long-runratesofgrowthStaticEffectsStaticwelfareeffectsofacustomsun