国际经济学第八版Chapter 课件.ppt

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1、Chapter7:EconomicGrowthandInternationalTrade7.1IntroductionTradetheoryofstatics(classical,neo-classical,andnewtheoryoftrade,assumptionofconstantfactor-endowments,technologyandtastes)Tradetheoryofcomparativestatics:theeffectsofchangesofendowments,technologyandtastesonequilibriumTradetheoryofdy

2、namicanalysis7.2GrowthofFactorsofProductionThroughtimes,anation’spopulationusuallygrowsandwithitthesizeofitslaborforce.7.2aLaborGrowthandCapitalAccumulationoverTimeBalancedgrowthImbalancedgrowthGrowthofLaborandCapitalOverTime7.2bTheRybczynskiTheoremAtconstantcommodityprices,anincreaseintheend

3、owmentofonefactorwillincreasebyagreaterproportiontheoutputofthecommodityintensiveinthatfactorandwillreducetheoutputoftheothercommodity.Forillustration,plsseethenextfigure.TheGrowthofLaborOnlyandtheRybczynskiTheorem7.3TechnicalProgress7.3aThreetypes:Neutraltechnicalprogress(中性技术进步):increasesth

4、eproductivityofLandKproportionatelysothattheK/Lremainsthesameaftertheneutraltechnicalprogressasitwasbeforeatunchangedrelativefactorprices(w/r)Labor-savingtechnicalprogress（劳动节约型技术进步）:increasestheproductivityofKproportionatelymorethantheproductivityofL.Capital-savingtechnicalprogress（资本节约型技术进步

5、）:increasestheproductivityofLproportionatelymorethantheproductivityofK.HicksianNeutral,L-Saving,andK-SavingTechnicalProgress7.3bTechnicalProgressandthenation’sproductionfrontierOnlyneutraltechnicalprogressisdiscussedhere,othertypesoftechnicalprogressrequiresmoreadvancedmathematicsmethodTheill

6、ustration,seethenextfigure:TechnicalprogressinX;TechnicalprogressinY;TechnicalprogressinXandYsimultaneouslyNeutralTechnicalProgressGrowthofLaborandCapitalOverTime7.4GrowthandTrade:TheSmallCountryCase7.4aTheEffectofGrowthonTradeTheproductionandconsumptioncanbe:Protrade(产生或促进贸易的)Antitrade(反贸易的)

7、Neutral(中性的)7.4BTheillustrationofFactorGrowth,Trade,andWelfareFactorGrowthandTrade:TheSmall-CountryCaseFactorGrowthandTrade:TheSmall-CountryCaseConclusion:Thesmallcountryisworseoffaftergrowthbecauseitslaborforcedoubledwhileitstotalconsumption