国际经济学基础Chapter 课件.ppt

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1、Chapter6NewInternationalTradeTheory1Contents6.1Introduction6.2ImportQuotas6.3OtherNontariffTradeBarriers6.4DumpingandExportSubsidies6.5ThePoliticalEconomyofProtectionism6.6StrategicTradeandIndustrialPolicies6.7TheUruguayRound6.8OutstandingTradeProblemandtheDohaRound26.1IntroductionAstariffswerene

2、gotiateddownduringthepostwarperiod,theimportanceofnontarifftradebarrierswasgreatlyincreased.Thischapterextendsourdiscussionbyconsideringtheeffectsofbarrierstotradeotherthanthetariffsuchas:QuotasVoluntaryexportrestraints(VERs)RegulationsExportsubsidiesDumping3IntroductionThegrowthofthesenontariffb

3、arriersisimportantastheyhavegrowninuseinrecentyearsandtheireffectsaretypicallynotastransparentaswithatariff.Thisincreasestheopportunityforhiddenprotectionism.46.2ImportQuotasAquotaisadirectquantitativerestrictionontheamountofacommodityallowedtobeimportedorexported.ImportQuotacanbeusedtoprotectado

4、mesticindustryoragricultureandforbalance-paymentsreasons.5QuotasAquotaisanumericallimitonthenumberofallowedimports.Usingtheexamplefromtariffs,aquotathatreducesimportstothesamenumericalamountasanequivalenttariffchangesthemarketinasimilarwaytothetariff.Quota6QuotasInitialeffectsofaquotaTheequilibri

5、umpriceunderaquota(thequotaprice)willbethesameasthepricewithanequivalenttariff.Quota7QuotaProductionQuotasInitialeffectsofaquotaThelevelofproductionwillbethesameaswithatariff.8QuotasInitialeffectsofaquotaThelevelofdomesticconsumptionwillbethesameaswithatariff.QuotaConsumption9QuotaQuotarentQuotas

6、InitialeffectsofaquotaTheallocationofthequotarentsdependsonhowthegovernmentallocatesthelicensestoimporttheproduct.10QuotaDeadweightlossQuotasInitialeffectsofaquotaThesameregionsofdeadweightlossexist.11ConcernsaboutquotasTheinitialeffectsofatariffandaquotaaresimilar.TheeffectofmarketchangesChanges

7、indomesticsupplyordemandalterimportswithatariff.Sinceimportsarefixedwithaquota,thequantityofimportsdoesnotchangewithmarketchanges.12ConcernsaboutquotasTheinitialeffectsofatariffandaquotaaresimilar.Theeffectofmarketchan