微观经济学第一章分析解析课件.ppt

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1、PowerPoint®LecturePresentationtoaccompanyPrinciplesofEconomics,ThirdEditionN.GregoryMankiwPreparedbyMarkP.Karscig,CentralMissouriStateUniversity.1INTRODUCTION1TenPrinciplesofEconomicsVocabularyListScarcityEconomicsEfficiencyEqualityOpportunitycostRationalpeopleMarginalchangeIncent

2、iveVocabularyListIncentiveMarketeconomyPropertyrightsMarketfailureExternalityMarketpowerProductivityInflationVocabularyListBusinessCycleEconomy......ThewordeconomycomesfromaGreekwordfor“onewhomanagesahousehold.”TENPRINCIPLESOFECONOMICSAhouseholdandaneconomyfacemanydecisions:Whowi

3、llwork?Whatgoodsandhowmanyofthemshouldbeproduced?Whatresourcesshouldbeusedinproduction?Atwhatpriceshouldthegoodsbesold?TENPRINCIPLESOFECONOMICSSocietyandScarceResources:Themanagementofsociety’sresourcesisimportantbecauseresourcesarescarce.Scarcity...meansthatsocietyhaslimitedresou

4、rcesandthereforecannotproduceallthegoodsandservicespeoplewishtohave.TENPRINCIPLESOFECONOMICSEconomicsisthestudyofhowsocietymanagesitsscarceresources.TENPRINCIPLESOFECONOMICSHowpeoplemakedecisions.Peoplefacetradeoffs.Thecostofsomethingiswhatyougiveuptogetit.Rationalpeoplethinkatthe

5、margin.Peoplerespondtoincentives.TENPRINCIPLESOFECONOMICSHowpeopleinteractwitheachother.Tradecanmakeeveryonebetteroff.Marketsareusuallyagoodwaytoorganizeeconomicactivity.Governmentscansometimesimproveeconomicoutcomes.TENPRINCIPLESOFECONOMICSTheforcesandtrendsthataffecthowtheeconom

6、yasawholeworks.Thestandardoflivingdependsonacountry’sproduction.Pricesrisewhenthegovernmentprintstoomuchmoney.Societyfacesashort-runtradeoffbetweeninflationandunemployment.Principle#1:PeopleFaceTradeoffs.“Thereisnosuchthingasafreelunch!”Makingdecisionsrequirestradingoffonegoalaga

7、instanother.Principle#1:PeopleFaceTradeoffs.Togetonething,weusuallyhavetogiveupanotherthing.Gunsv.butterFoodv.clothingLeisuretimev.workEfficiencyv.equityPrinciple#1:PeopleFaceTradeoffsEfficiencyv.EquityEfficiencymeanssocietygetsthemostthatitcanfromitsscarceresources.Equitymeansthe

8、benefitsofthoseresourcesaredistri