英美政体英文比较.ppt

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1、USPoliticalSystemTheBasisThegovernmentoftheUnitedStatesisbasedona writtenconstitution,whichistheshortestintheworld.Fromthisdocument,theentirefederalgovernmentwascreated.Itisalivingdocumentwhoseinterpretationhaschangedovertime.Whennecessary,UScitizensareabletomakeamendm

2、entstotheconstitution.BillofRightsThe BillofRights consistsofthetenamendmentsaddedtotheConstitutionin1791.TheEnglish BillofRights(1689) wasaninspirationfortheAmericanBillofRights.Bothrequire jurytrials,includea righttokeepandbeararms,andforbid "cruelandunusualpunishmen

3、ts.“SevenArticlesThesevenarticlesoftheconstitutioncoverthefollowingareas:LegislativepowerExecutivepowerJudicialpowerStates'powersandlimitsAmendmentsFederalpowerRatificationLegislativePowerArticleOnedescribesthe Congress,the legislativebranch ofthefederalgovernment.This

4、 hastwoco-equalhouses:the HouseofRepresentatives torepresentthepeople,andtheSenate torepresenttheStates.ThisisknownasRepresentativeDemocracy.ExecutivePowerArticletwocreatesthe presidency.ExecutivepowerisvestedinaPresident.Thepresidentialtermisfixedatfouryears.APresiden

5、tcanonlyservefortwoterms.ThemethodofelectingthePresidentissetoutintheTwelfthAmendment.JudicialPowerArticleThreedescribesthe courtsystem (the judicialbranch.ThearticleestablishestheSupremeCourt.Congresscancreatelowercourts,whosejudgmentsandorderscanbereviewedbytheSuprem

6、eCourt.ArticleThreealsocreatestherightto trialbyjury inallcriminalcasesanddefinesthecrimeof treason.States'Powers&LimitationsArticleFourdescribestherelationshipbetweenthestatesandthefederalgovernmentandbetweenthestatesthemselves.Stategovernmentscannotdiscriminateagains

7、tcitizens ofotherstatesinfavouroftheirowncitizens.Italsolaysdownalegalbasisforfreedomofmovement andtravelbetweenthedifferentstates.AmendmentsArticleFivesetsoutthedifferentwaysinwhichAmendmentscanbemade.Anynewamendmentmaybeapprovedbytwo-thirdsofbothhousesofCongress,then

8、senttothestatesforapproval.Tobeadopteditmustbeapprovalbythree-quartersofthestates.Noamendmentmaydepriveastateofequalr