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1、TheWaytoRainyMountainAbouttheAuthorN.ScottMomadaywasborninLawton,Oklahomain1934.MomadaybelongstoagenerationofAmericanIndiansbornwhenmosttribalcommunitieshadlongceasedtoexistasvitalsocialorganizations.HisKiowaancestorssharedwithotherPlainsIndiansthehorrorsofdiseas
2、e,militarydefeat,andculturalandreligiousdeprivationinthe19thcentury.Theironlychanceofsurvivalwastoadaptthemselvestonewcircumstances.Momaday’sgrandfather,forexample,adjustedtochangingconditionsbytakingupfarming,adecisionpresseduponhimbytheGeneralAllotmentActof1887
3、.…andinsummertheprairieisananvil’sedge.(paragraph1)metaphorAtadistanceinJulyorAugustthesteamingfoliageseemsalmostwritheinfire.(paragraph1)personification…poppinguplikecorntostingtheflesh.(paragraph1)simileMygrandmotherwassparedthehumiliationofthosehighgraywallsby
4、eightortenyears,butshemusthaveknownfrombirththeafflictionofdefeat,thedarkbroodingofoldwarriors.(paragraph3)synecdochemetaphor…andtheirancientnomadicspiritwassuddenlyfreeoftheground.(paragraph4)MetonymyTheskylineinalldirectionsiscloseathand,thehighwallofthewoodsan
5、ddeepcleavagesofshade.(paragraph6)SimileThisisaperfectfreedominthemountains,butitbelongstotheeagleandtheelk,thebadgerandthebear.(paragraph6)TheKiowasreckonedtheirstaturebythedistancetheycouldsee,andtheywerebentandblindinthewilderness.(paragraph6)alliterationThegr
6、eatbillowingcloudsthatsailuponitareshadowsthatmoveuponthegrainlikewater,dividinglight.(paragraph7)simile…theycouldseethedarkleesofthehillsatdawnacrosstheBighornRiver,theprofusionoflightonthegrainshelves,theoldestdeityrangingafterthesolstices.(paragraph7)simileAtt
7、hetopofaridgeIcaughtsightofDevil’sTowerupthrustagainstthegrayskyasifinthebirthoftimethecoreoftheearthhadbrokenthroughitscrustandthemotionoftheworldwasbegun.(paragraph8)similepersonificationTherearethingsinnaturethatengenderanawfulquietintheheartofman;Devil’sTower
8、isoneofthem.(paragraph8)MetonymyThere,inaverylittlewhile,woodtakesontheappearanceofgreatage.(paragraph11)SynecdocheMetonymyThewindowpanesareblackandopaque;youi