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1、ChineseOperaKunOpera昆曲YuOpera豫剧KunOperaisoneoftheoldestChineseoperas.ItwasborninthelateYuanDynastyinKunshanarea,JiangsuProvince.TheperformanceofKunOperahasitsuniquesystemandstyle.Itismostcharacterizedbyitsrichemotionandskillfulcombinationofsinginganddancing.ManyworksofKunOperapr
2、aisetheromanticancientlovestories.ThePeonyPavilion,therepresentativeworkofKunOpera,iseverlastinginChinesedramaliterature.Now,theappealforprotectingtraditionalculturewouldhelpKunOperabacktoitsprosperityagain.KunOpera昆曲昆曲是中国最古老的戏曲剧种之一，起源于元朝末年江苏昆山地区。昆曲的表演有它独特的体系和风格。它最大的特点就是感情丰富，歌唱和
3、舞蹈巧妙结合。许多昆曲剧目都是歌颂浪漫的古代爱情故事。昆曲代表作《牡丹亭》是中国戏曲文学中的不朽之作。如今人们对保护传统文化的呼吁将有助于昆曲重新走向繁荣。KunOpera昆曲Itissomild温婉,exquisite细腻,sentimental多愁善感,andmelodious优美的。昆剧行腔优美，以缠绵婉转、柔漫悠远见长。Thelibretto(剧本)usuallyfocusesonastoryofromanticlove.昆剧剧本通常是讲述浪漫的爱情故。KunOperasingingemphasizes（强调）controlofthevoice
4、andchangesinrhythms（节奏韵律）昆曲演唱强调声音的控制和节奏的变化。Singersmustalsousetheirskillstoexpressthedisposition（性情）ofvariouscharacters,anaspectthataddscomplexitytotheform.演唱者也必须运用他们的技巧去表现不同人物的性情，这一方面增加了该形式的复杂性。MusicalInstrumentsThemusicalensemble合奏ismainlycomposedofwind吹奏乐器,stringed弦乐,andpercus
5、sioninstruments打击乐器.Theleadinstrumentofthewindsectionandtheentireensembleisthedi(aside-blown在一边吹奏的bambooflute长笛）.Itisaccompaniedbyaxiao(vertical垂直的,end-blownbambooflute),asuona(horn喇叭唢呐),andasheng(reedpipe簧片芦苇管).Thestringsectionconsistsofapipa(frettedlute琵琶).Thepercussionsection
6、isequippedwithguban(clappers鼓班),aluoandbo.Becausethebamboofluteprovidesthemainaccompaniment,KunOperaischaracterizedbysmoothandmellifluous流畅的甜美的music.笛箫唢呐鼓锣钹笙琵琶ThePeonyPavilion(TangXianzu)汤显祖的牡丹亭ThePeachBlossomFan(KongShangren)孔尚任的桃花扇ThePalaceofLongLife(HongSheng)洪升的长生殿TheWhiteSn
7、ake白蛇传TheWesternMansion(Southernversion,adaptedfromWangShifu'szaju)西厢记，改编自王实甫的杂剧TheInjusticedonetoDouE(adaptedfromGuanHanqing'szaju)窦娥冤，改编自关汉卿的杂剧TheKite(LiYu)风筝误李渔Masterpiece牡丹亭长生殿西厢记ThePeonyPavilionTheWesternMansionThePalaceofLongLife窦娥冤桃花扇白蛇传风筝误TheWhiteSnakeThePeachBlossomFanT
8、heInjusticedonetoDouETheKite“HenanOpera”or“Hena
