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1、Chapter4:SyntaxI.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:1.Syntaxisasubfieldoflinguisticsthatstudiesthesentencestructureoflanguage,includingthecombinationofmorphemesintowords.2.Grammaticalsentencesareformedfollowingasetofsyntacticrules.3.Sentencesarecomposedofse
2、quenceofwordsarrangedinasimplelinearorder,withoneaddingontoanotherfollowingasimplearithmeticlogic.4.Universallyfoundinthegrammarsofallhumanlanguages,syntacticrulesthatcomprisethesystemofinternalizedlinguisticknowledgeofalanguagespeakerareknownaslinguisticcompetence.5.Thesyntac
3、ticrulesofanylanguagearefiniteinnumber,butthereisnolimittothenumberofsentencesnativespeakersofthatlanguageareabletoproduceandcomprehend.6.Inacomplexsentence,thetwoclausesholdunequalstatus,onesubordinatingtheother.7.Constituentsthatcanbesubstitutedforoneanotherwithoutlossofgram
4、maticalitybelongtothesamesyntacticcategory.8.Minorlexicalcategoriesareopenbecausethesecategoriesarenotfixedandnewmembersareallowedfor.9.InEnglishsyntacticanalysis,fourphrasalcategoriesarecommonlyrecognizedanddiscussed,namely,nounphrase,verbphrase,infinitivephrase,andauxiliaryp
5、hrase.10.InEnglishthesubjectusuallyprecedestheverbandthedirectobjectusuallyfollowstheverb.11.Whatisactuallyinternalizedinthemindofanativespeakerisacompletelistofwordsandphrasesratherthangrammaticalknowledge.12.Anounphrasemustcontainanoun,butotherelementsareoptional.13.Itisbeli
6、evedthatphrasestructurerules,withtheinsertionofthelexicon,generatesentencesatthelevelofD-structure.14.WH-movementisobligatoryinEnglishwhichchangesasentencefromaffirmativetointerrogative.II.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:15.As________sent
7、enceconsistsofasingleclausewhichcontainsasubjectandapredicateandstandsaloneasitsownsentence.16.As______isastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberofwordstoformacompletestatement,questionorcommand.17.As______maybeanounoranounphraseinasentencethatusuallyprecedesthe
8、predicate.18.Thepartofasentencewhichcomprisesafiniteverborave
