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1、Chapter1LEXICOLOGY:Lexicologyisthescienceofwords,whichisconcernedwiththestudyofvocabularyofagivenlanguage.Itdealswithwords,theorigin,development,history,structure,meaningandapplication.Inshort,itisthestudyofthesignificationandapplicationofwords.Chapter21.ThehistoryofEnglishlanguageHistoryofEnglis
2、hlanguagecanbedividedintoOldEnglish(450AD-1150AD),MiddleEnglish(1150AD-1500AD),andModernEnglish(1500AD-present).2.ClassificationofEnglishwordsEnglishwordscanbedividedintodifferentgroupsintermsoftheorigin,thelevelofusageandthenotion.ByoriginNativewords(Anglo-Saxon/oldEnglish)Loanwords(borrowed)Byl
3、evelofusage:5categoriesStandard/popularword/commonwordsLiterarywordsColloquialwordsSlangwordsTechnicalwordsBynotionContentwords:Theyhavetheindependentlexicalmeaning,e.g.noun,verb,adjective,adverb.Functionwords:Theyaredeterminers,conjunctions,prepositions,auxiliaries,andgrammaticalsignals,function
4、almakers.Pickuptheslangwordsandexplain.1.Fathersaidnixtoourplan,sowecouldn’tgotothemuseum.(nothing,no)2.Whenthebuckleads,theworldsuffers.(money,dollars)3.Hesayshe’llbeagreatwriterbutthat’salotofboloney;he’llneverbe.(nonsense)4.I’llclobberyouifyoudon’tdowhatyou’retold,saidtheangryfather.(beatsb.re
5、peatedly)5.IthinkI’mjustahickatheart.(afoolishpersonfromthecountry)6.Hethoughthisideawaswonderful,butinfact,itwascompleterot.(nonsense)Chapter3Compounding:referstothefacultyanddeviceoflanguagetoformnewwordsbycombiningorputtingtogetheroldwords,e.g.schoolboy.Derivation:derivationis"Usedtoformnewwor
6、ds,aswithhappi-nessandun-happyfromhappy,ordeterminationfromdetermine.Conversion:thecreationofwordfromanexistingwordwithoutanychangeinform,e.g.theadjectivecleanbecomestheverbclean.7Clipping:theformationofanewwordbyshorteningit,e.g.adfromadvertisementAcronyms:areabbreviationsthatareformedusingthein
7、itialcomponentsinaphraseorname.Thesecomponentsmaybeindividualletters(asinCEO)orpartsofwords(asinBenelux)Blending:wordformedfrompartsoftwoormoreotherwords.Thesepartsaresometimes,butnotalways,morphemes,e.g.smogfromsmokea
