THE-METHODS-方法论(纽马克《翻译教程》第五章).doc

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1、THEMETHODS方法论Word-for-wordtranslation逐字翻译Thisisoftendemonstratedasinterlinertranslation,withtheTLimmediatelybelowtheSLwords.TheSLword-orderispreservedandthewordstranslatedsinglybytheirmostcommonmeanings,outofcontext.Culturalwordsaretranslatedliterally.Themain

2、useofword-for-wordtranslationiseithertounderstandthemechanicsofthesourcelanguageortoconstrueadifficulttextasapre-translationprocess.其通常的表现形式为行间翻译，即将目的语直接标在源语的下方。源语语序会予以保留，每个词译出其最常见的意思。文化性词语只作字面翻译。逐字翻译的主要作用或是帮助理解源语句子结构，或是作为翻译前的一个过程，用来分析解释一个较难的文本。Literaltransla

3、tion直译TheSLgrammaticalconstructionsareconvertedtotheirnearestTLequivalentsbutthelexicalwordsareagaintranslatedsingly,outofcontext.Asapre-translationprocess,thisindicatestheproblemstobesolved.源语当中的语法结构会被转换成目的语中与之最接近的对等体，但是词汇的意义同样也是脱离上下文单独译出的。作为翻译前的一个过程，直译会把要在翻

4、译过程中解决的问题表现出来了。Faithfultranslation忠实翻译AfaithfultranslationattemptstoreproducetheprecisecontextualmeaningoftheoriginalwithintheconstraintsoftheTLgrammaticalstructures.It‘transfers’culturalwordsandpreservesthedegreeofgrammaticalandlexical‘abnormality’(deviation

5、fromSLnorms)inthetranslation.Itattemptstobecompletelyfaithfultotheintentionsandthetext-realizationoftheSLwriter.忠实翻译是在源语语法结构的限制下，根据上下文准确地再现原文的意义。在翻译过程中，文化特色词会做相应的转化，在某种程度上保留那些语法和词汇的“非常规性”（偏离了源语的规范）。忠实翻译完全忠实于源语作者的意图及其文本表现方式。Semantictranslation语义翻译Semantictrans

6、lationdiffersfrom‘faithfultranslation’onlyinasfarasitmusttakemoreaccountoftheaestheticvalue(thatis,thebeautifulandnaturalsound)oftheSLtext,compromisingon‘meaning’whereappropriatesothatnoassonance,word-playorrepetitionjarsinthefinishedversion.Further,itmaytran

7、slatelessimportantculturalwordsbyculturallyneutralthirdorfunctionaltermsbutnotbyculturalequivalents--unenonnerepassantuncorporalmaybecome‘anunironingacorporalcloth’--anditmaymakeothersmallconcessionstothereadership.Thedistinctionbetween‘faithful’and‘semantic’

8、translationisthatthefirstisuncompromisinganddogmatic,whilethesecondismoreflexible,admitsthecreativeexceptionto100%fidelityandallowsforthetranslator’sintuitiveempathywiththeoriginal.语义翻译与“