平狄克微观经济学英文第7版课件.pptx

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1、CHAPTER6OUTLINE6.1TheTechnologyofProduction6.2ProductionwithOneVariableInput(Labor)6.3ProductionwithTwoVariableInputs6.4ReturnstoScaleProductionThetheoryofthefirmdescribeshowafirmmakescost-minimizingproductiondecisionsandhowthefirm’sresultingcostvarieswithitsoutput.Theproductiondecisionsoffirmsarea

2、nalogoustothepurchasingdecisionsofconsumers,andcanlikewisebeunderstoodinthreesteps:ProductionTechnologyCostConstraintsInputChoicesTheProductionDecisionsofaFirmTHETECHNOLOGYOFPRODUCTION6.1TheProductionFunction●factorsofproductionInputsintotheproductionprocess(e.g.,labor,capital,andmaterials).Remembe

3、rthefollowing:Inputsandoutputsareflows.Equation(6.1)appliestoagiventechnologyProductionfunctionsdescribewhatistechnicallyfeasiblewhenthefirmoperatesefficiently.●productionfunctionFunctionshowingthehighestoutputthatafirmcanproduceforeveryspecifiedcombinationofinputs.THETECHNOLOGYOFPRODUCTION6.1TheSh

4、ortRunversustheLongRun●shortrunPeriodoftimeinwhichquantitiesofoneormoreproductionfactorscannotbechanged.●fixedinputProductionfactorthatcannotbevaried.●longrunAmountoftimeneededtomakeallproductioninputsvariable.TABLE6.1ProductionwithOneVariableInput0100——110101010210301520310602030410802020510951915

5、61010818137101121648101121409101081241010100108PRODUCTIONWITHONEVARIABLEINPUT(LABOR)6.2TotalOutput(q)AmountofLabor(L)AmountofCapital(K)AverageProduct(q/L)MarginalProduct(∆q/∆L)PRODUCTIONWITHONEVARIABLEINPUT(LABOR)6.2AverageandMarginalProducts●averageproductOutputperunitofaparticularinput.●ma

6、rginalproductAdditionaloutputproducedasaninputisincreasedbyoneunit.Averageproductoflabor=Output/laborinput=q/LMarginalproductoflabor=Changeinoutput/changeinlaborinput=Δq/ΔLPRODUCTIONWITHONEVARIABLEINPUT(LABOR)6.2TheSlopesoftheProductCurveThetotalproductcurvein(a)showstheoutputproducedfordifferenta

7、mountsoflaborinput.Theaverageandmarginalproductsin(b)canbeobtained(usingthedatainTable6.1)fromthetotalproductcurve.AtpointAin(a),themarginalproductis20becausethetangenttothetotalproductcurvehasaslopeof20.At