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1、一.名词性从句名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。通常由连词if,whether,that和带有wh-的连词充当其引导词。其中where,when,which,what,whose,whoever,whichever和whatever为连接代词；where,when,why,how为连接副词；that,if和whether为从属连词1.从属连词只起连接作用，不充当句中的任何语法成分，that无词义。Thatshebecameapoetmayhavebeenduetohermother’sinfluence.Itisst
2、illdoubtfulwhethershewouldplaythepart.2.if只能引导宾语从句，后不能接ornot;whether可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。Whethershelikesthepresentisnotcleartome.Hedidn’tsaywhetherornothe’llbestayinghere.3.that引导宾语从句时，可省略，其他连接词则不可。Hesaid(that)hecouldn’ttellyourightawayandthatyouwouldn’tunderstand.4.that引导同位
3、语从句时，其先行词一般是抽象名词，如conclusion,idea,fact,news,doubt,opinion,promise,report,problem,question,reply,answer,remark,evidence,belief,order,danger,suggestion,proposal,truth,ambition,hope,impression,habit,illusion等。同位语所起的作用是对先行词进行解释说明，that不能省略。Thenewsthatweareinvitedtotheconferenc
4、eisveryencouraging.Itisafactthatshehasmadegreatprogressinherwork.5.同位语从句与定语从句的区别1）定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时又在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），that做宾语时常可省略；而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句的作用，一般不可省略。2）定语从句是形容词性的，起功能是修饰先行词；同位语从句等同于先行词，是名词性的，其功能是对名词作补充说明。3）同位语从句的先行词是表示抽象概念的词，如idea,fact，proposal，hope，news，ru
5、mor，conclusion，impression等。比较：A.Itisafactthatshehasmadegreatprogressinherwork.Itisafactthatyoushouldaccept.B.ThenewsthathefailedinEnglishexaminationmadehisparentsveryangry.Whatisthenewsthatupsethersomuch?二.定语从句•定语从句由关系代词和关系副词引导。关系代词：that,which,whose,who,whom,as,but;关系副词有：
6、when,where,why.与名词性从句不同的是，关系代词和关系副词都在从句中充当语法成分。•1.关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略。thewoman(whom)yousawjustnowisourEnglishteacher.但关系代词在介词之后作介词宾语时不能省略。Thisisthegirlwithwhomheworked.2.如果先行词为all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none等不定代词时，关系代词只用that,不用which。Everythingthatha
7、ppenedthenwaslikeanightmare.3.如先行词被形容词最高级以及first,last,any,only,few,much,no,some,very等词修饰，关系代词用that,不用which,who,whom.Pleasesendusanyinformationthatyouhaveaboutthesubject.4.在非限制性定语从句中，不用that,即使是作宾语用的代词也不能省略。Someoftheroadswereflooded,whichmadeourjourneymoredifficult.5.如果关系代词
8、紧跟介词后，不能用who或that,只能用whom或which.Thisisthequestionaboutwhichtheyhadsomuchdiscussioninthepastfewwe
