第5章1蛋白分选与膜泡运输ppt课件.ppt

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1、第5章内膜系统蛋白质分选与膜泡运输内膜系统研究方法3.内质网，共翻译转运及信号肽假说ClassI4高尔基体TheGolgicomplex膜泡运输TypesofvesicletransportandmembranefusionClassII6Lysosome溶酶体7大分子跨膜运输的内吞作用和外排作用Theendocytoticpathway:movingmembraneandmaterialsintothecellinterior8翻译后转运Posttranslationalproteintargetingandsorti

2、ngClassIII8.1Theendomembranesystem（内膜系统）Twocategoriesineukaryoticcellsendoplasmicreticulum（ER）内质网Golgicomplex(高尔基体)endosome(内体)，lysosome（L）,溶酶体vacuole（V）.thecytosolorganelles（细胞质中的细胞器）Mitochondria线粒体Chloroplasts叶绿体Peroxisomes过氧化物酶体thenucleus细胞核A.动物细胞Aeukaryoticce

3、lliselaboratelysubdividedintofunctionallydistinct,membrane-enclosedcompartments.Eachcompartment,ororganelle,containsitsowncharacteristicsetofenzymes&specializedmolecules.TheRootCapCellofaMaizePlantThiscellcontainsanarrayofmembrane-boundorganelles.video1ER:protein

4、stransportedintoERwhiletheyaresynthesized.producelipids,storeCa2+内质网：蛋白共翻译转运入内质网，产生脂类，储存Ca2+Peroxisome:containenzymesusedinoxidationreactions过氧化物酶体：含有参与氧化反应的酶Endosome:endocytosedmaterialsmustfirstpassendosomes内体：胞吞的物质首先经过内体。Lysosome:degradedefunctintracellularorg

5、anelles.溶酶体：降解细胞内失去功能的细胞器。Golgi:receiveslipidsandproteinsfromtheERanddispatchesthemtovariousdestinations.高尔基体：从内质网中接受脂类和蛋白质，分选去不同的目的地。Mitochondrion:generateATPthatcellsuse.线粒体：产生ATPChlorplasts(plastids):GenerateATP,storefoodorpigmentmolecules.叶绿体：产生ATP，贮存食物或色素分子。

6、AnOverviewoftheOrganelle’sFunctionBTheDynamicNatureoftheEndomembraneSystemMostorganellesarepartofadynamicsysteminwhichvesiclesmovebetweencompartmentsExocytotic(胞吐）pathwaysdischargeproteinsfromcellsEndocytic（胞吞）pathwaysmovematerialsintocells.Sortingsignalsarerecog

7、nizedbyreceptorsandtargetproteinstospecificsites结构、功能乃至发生上相关的，由膜围绕成的细胞器或细胞结构。它们的膜是相互流动的，处于动态平衡，功能上也相互协同。Figure12-6MolecularBiologyoftheCell(©GarlandScience2008)ASimplified“Roadmap”ofProteinTraffic8.2AfewapproachestostudytheendomembranesAAutoradiography放射自显影术BGFPt

8、agging(Greenfluorescenceprotein)CSubcellularfractionanalysis(亚细胞结构的分部分离)DCell-freesystem(无细胞系统)EGeneticmutants（遗传突变体）AAutoradiography(放射自显影)pancreaticacinarcel