供应链设计与管理ppt课件.ppt

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1、Chapter2InventoryManagementandRiskPoolingWhyIsInventoryRequired?Uncertaintyincustomerdemand（顾客需求不确定）Shorterproductlifecycles产品生命周期短Morecompetingproducts许多竞争性商品Uncertaintyinsupplies供应的不确定Quality/Quantity/Costs/DeliveryTimes质量/数量/成本/送货时间Deliveryleadtimes运输提前期Incentivesforlargershipments大运量

2、的激励InventoryManagement-DemandForecastsUncertaindemandmakesdemandforecastcriticalforinventoryrelateddecisions:Whattoorder?Whentoorder?Howmuchistheoptimalorderquantity?ApproachincludesasetoftechniquesINVENTORYPOLICY!!库存策略SupplyChainFactorsinInventoryPolicyEstimationofcustomerdemand（顾客需求预测）Re

3、plenishmentleadtime（补货提前期）ThenumberofdifferentproductsbeingconsideredThelengthoftheplanninghorizonCostsOrdercost:Productcost（购买成本）Transportationcost（运输成本）Inventoryholdingcost,orinventorycarryingcost:（库存持有成本或保管成本）Statetaxes,propertytaxes,andinsuranceoninventoriesMaintenancecostsObsolescence

4、cost（过期成本）Opportunitycosts（机会成本）Servicelevelrequirements（服务水平要求）LeadTimeLEADTIMEOrderProcessingQuotedDELIVERYperiodTransportGoodsInwardProcessingRecognisetheneedforreplenishmentOrderreceivedbysupplierOrderdispatchedbysupplierOrderreceivedbycustomerGoodsavailableforuseInventoryholdingcosts(

5、inpercentages)insurance0.25%taxes0.25Storagefacilities0.5transportation0.5Handlingcosts2.5depreciation5.00interest6.00obsolescence10total25%EOQModelEOQ（EconomicOrderQuantity）经济订货批量Assumptions假设Notations注释ModelAnalysis模型分析QianJiaSMUInventoryManagementD—每日需求量Costs—总成本LT—提前期T—一个订货周期SL—每次订货成本Q

6、—每次固定订货批量Demand：random（mean,variance）Costs（成本）Purchasecosts（采购成本）：unit*quantity（单价*数量）Shortagecosts（缺货成本）Orderingcosts(订货成本）Holdingcosts（持有成本）：includingCostofcapital(资本成本),Obsolescencecost(折旧成本）,HandlingCost(管理费用）,OccupancyCost（占用成本）、taxandinsurance（税与保险）.EconomicLotSizeModelFIGURE2-3:Inve

7、ntorylevelasafunctionoftime经济批量模型Assumptions（假设）Ditemsperday（每天需求D件产品）:ConstantdemandrateQitemsperorder:Orderquantitiesarefixed,i.e.,eachtimethewarehouseplacesanorder,itisforQitems.（每次订货Q件）S(每次订货的成本）,fixedsetupcost,incurredeverytimethewarehouseplacesanorder.H（