现代大学英语精读3第4单元知识点归纳.doc

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Unit4towrenchyourselfawayfrom:totwistandpullyourselfaway(orfree)fromwrenchvt.Topullatthefeelingsoremotionsof挫折使感情或情绪受折磨；distress压抑;afflict使痛苦eg.:Itwrenchedhertowatchthemgo.看着他们离开，她很难受Itwrenchedhertosaygoodbye.patchworkoffarmsandwoodlandpatchworkn.拼缝物,拼缀物,拼凑物woodland:apieceoflandcoveredwithtrees森林地,林地Inthedeepwoodsthatvergedagainstourbackfence,anetworkofpathsledalmosteverywhere,andpheasants[鸟]雉,野鸡rocketedoffintothedenselaurelsaheadasyouwalked.(p.2)tovergeagainst:tobecloseto;tobeattheedgeorborderofvergevi.(1)tobeveryclosetoaplace；tobecontiguous邻近,接近eg.:streetsvergingontheslumarea贫民区周围的街道(2)Toapproachthenatureorconditionofsomethingspecified;comeclose.Usedwithon:接近，逼近接近具体指定的某物的性质或情况；走近。与on连用：vergeon[upon]接近,濒于eg.:Sucharemarkvergesonimpertinence.简直是唐突无礼。abrilliancevergingongenius.近乎天才的才智JNoticehowthepreposition"against"isusedtomean"nextto","touchingorhittingthesurfaceof"(课本p.98-6)e.g.Aheavyrainwaspatteringagainstthewindows.Hestoodhisstickagainstthewall....andpheasantsrocketedoff:...andpheasantswentofflikerockets.rocketv.intr.(1)tomoveswiftlyandpowerfully,asarocket.像火箭般迅速而有力地运动(2)Tosoarorriserapidly:迅速上升或猛涨Thebookrocketedtothetopofthebestsellerlist.这本书一下子就跃居畅销书榜首Compare:JFactoriesmushroomed.(Theygrewlikemushroom.)JHetriedtowormintothatorganization.(Hetriedtogetintothatorganizationlikeaworm.)JItcouldsnowballintoaseriousconflict.(Itcouldgraduallydevelopintoaseriousconflictlikeasnowball.)snowballvi.togrowrapidlyinsignificance,importance,orsize:滚雪球般地增长,eg.:problemsthatsnowballedbythehour.问题按小时计算滚雪球般地增长JHewaswolfingitdownasifhehadnoteatenfordays.(Hewaseatingitveryquicklylikeawolf.)Ispentmostofmytimeroamingthewoodsandfieldsalone,playingRobinHood(p.3)Jtoroamthewoods(fields,streets,hillsetc):roamthestreets街头漫步roamtheclouds云中漫步roamabout/roamaround.Eg.:Thevisitorsroamedaroundthetown/city.KeepingtomyselfwasmywayofnotformingattachmentsthatIwouldonlyhavetoabandonthenexttimewemoved.ButonedayIbecameattachedthroughnodesignofmyown.(p.3):Jtokeeptooneself:(!)toliveaveryquietandprivatelifeandnotdomanythingsinvolvingotherpeople.不与人交往:eg.:Shekepttoherselfintheshipandwouldspeaktonoone.(2)keepsth.secret对…守口如瓶eg.:Hekepthisconclusionstohimself.他对他的结论守口如瓶。throughnodesignofmyown.(p.3):notthatIintendedtodoit;notthatIplanneditthatway;justbychanceIstartedhikingthere...,upalong,slopinghilltoanalmostimpenetrablestandoftreescalledBearWood.Jimpenetrableadj.(1)impossibletopenetrateorenter:不能穿过或进入的：eg.:animpenetrablefortress.(2)Impossibletounderstand;incomprehensible:不能理解的,令人费解的eg.:impenetrablejargon.~~行话(3)无动于衷的不为感情或争论所动的eganimpenetrableheart.不能打动的心Jpenetrableadj.可渗透的，可穿透的penetrabledefenses可突破的防御;apenetrablewall.可洞穿的墙Jpenetratev.tr.(1)toenterorforceawayinto;pierce.穿过，刺入，穿透进入或迫使进入；刺入(2)toenterintoandpermeate:渗入进入或渗透eg.:Theinsistentrhythmofpianopracticepenetratedeachroomofthehouse.钢琴的持续韵律回荡在整幢房子的每个房间Jstand:高大植物或树的群丛eg.:astandofpine.一群松树thetwitter鸟鸣声andrustle沙沙声,飒飒声:onomatopoeia象声词, e.g.thetwitterofbirds;therustleofleaves;thehissofthesnake;thegurgle(流水的)汩汩声,欢乐的(咯咯声)ofthewater;thecrackingofthefire;thebangingofthedoor;thefluttering摆动,鼓翼oftheflag;therumbling隆隆声,辘辘声ofthewaves;thetick-tock滴答声oftheclocketc.Jrunintov.跑进,撞上runagainst,偶遇,陷入,达到Shecaughtherbreath…Then,recoveringquickly,shegaveawelcomingsmilethatinstantlyputmeatease.Jcatchone'sbreathv.喘息,屏息=holdone’sbreathJtoputsbatease:tomakesbfeelrelaxedatease:安逸,自由自在Jillateaseadj.不安的Jstandatease[军](口令)稍息eg.:Healwaysfeelsillateaseinfrontofstrangers.Theprofessormustbequitepopular.Thestudentsalllookateaseinhispresence.others:tomakesbatease;tosetsbateaseApairofpowerful-lookingbinocularsdangledfromherneck.(p.6)Jpowerful:高倍的（望远镜）binoculars（双眼望远镜）telescope（望远镜）looking-glass（镜子）(ocularadj.眼睛的,视觉的n.目镜,眼睛)oculardemonstration直观演示anocularwitness目击者,见证人dangle---hangorswinglooselyeg:1)Shehadbigearringsdanglingfromherear.2)Alooseelectricwirewasdanglingfromthewall."Yes,they'rewary,"shesaid."Butthen,gamekeepershavebeenshootingthemeversincetheygothere.They'reintroduced,youknow,notnative."(p.11)Jwary:careful,cautious,watchful,suspicious,alertJgamekeeper（防止偷猎的）猎物看守人，猎场看守人:Noticetheuseoftheword"game猎物"Jtobeintroduced:tobebroughtintothisplacefromsomewhereelseforthefirsttimetrespassvi.togoontosomeone’sprivatelandwithouttheirpermission（on,upon）非法侵入；侵扰，打扰eg.:Thefarmersaidweweretrespassing.这个农民说我们未经许可进入了他的土地。Iwon'ttrespassuponyourtimeanylonger.我不再打扰你了。"Wouldyoucaretojoinme?"Thisisconsideredpolitebutformal,andisusedtoaskifsbwantstodosth.Ihadbeenwarnedagainstgoingoffwithstrangers(p.14)Jtowarnthat/towarnsbnottodosth/towarnsbagainststhJgooff:(1)leave,depart离开(2)explode爆炸；（fireworks、bell）响ringeg.:Thesignalpistolwentoffwithabang.信号枪砰的一声响了。...extendingherfinehand.(p.15):...offeringtoshakehandswiththeboyJ"Fine"heremeanssmallandattractivelyshaped,lookingratherdelicate纤细.extend---togiveoroffer(help,friendship,etc)tosb.eg.:1)Iwouldliketoextendmywarmwelcometoallofyou.2)IwouldliketoextendawarmwelcometoourvisitorsWesetoff.…Hepassedawaylastyear,shesaid,lookingsuddenlywistful,…towalkthefields.(p.17)Jsetoff:(1)出发，启程(=setout；setforth)eg.:Thechildrensetoffforschool.。(2)explode使爆炸，引起爆炸eg.:"Asatraditionalwaytocelebratethenewyear,settingofffirecrackersisjustifiablywelcomedbymostChinesepeople.""燃放鞭炮,作为一种传统的庆贺新年活动,理所当然地受到大多数中国人民的欢迎。"wistful---sadandthinkingaboutsththatisimpossibleorpasteg:Shecastawistfulglanceatherfriend’sinvitationandwishedshehadbeeninvitedtotheparty.Jpassaway:die;passaway;depart;goaloft;gooff;gooutofthisworld;gotothebetterworldJNoticethattheword"walk"isusuallyusedasanintransitiveverbexceptinsomeidiomaticexpressions."Towalkthefields"isoneofthem,whichmeanstogooveroralongonfoot.Othercommonexpressionsinwhich"walk"isusedasatransitiveverb:Whenpeoplewalktheirdog,Iwonderwhethertheyeverrealizethatthedogwillbemuchhappiercompletelyfreeinnaturethanjustbeingallowedalittlewalkeveryday. Thereisnomorebusatthishour.Let'swalkit./It'sdarkoutside.I'llwalkyouhome.glass-frontedcasescontainingfiguresofivoryandcarvedstone…adozenorsostuffedbirds(p.18)frontvt.装饰（建筑物等）的（正）面aglass-fronteddoor装有玻璃的门abuildingfrontedwithmarble以大理石饰面的建筑物stuffvt.Tofill(ananimalskin)torestoreitsnaturalformformountingordisplay;tomakeitasample（为制作标本）剥制往（动物皮囊里）塞东西使之恢复原来形状，用于演出或展览eg.:astuffeddeerIhadmadeglow:blaze,burn,flare,flicker,gleam,glimmer,quiver,shine,flash,glitter,beam,spark,twinkle...andmywellofknowledgeaboutnaturalhistorybegantobrimover.Atschool,Iearnedthenickname"Prof"...eventheschoolbullybroughtmeadiedbird...toidentify.(p.24):brimoverEg.:ahandcartbrimmingoverwithcotton满载新棉的手推车brimoverwithhighspirits兴高采烈sb.isbrimmingoverwithsth.(love,confidence,knowledgeetc)Eg:apondbrimmingwithwater积满水的池塘Attheweddingthebrideandbridegroomwerebrimmingoverwithhappiness./Shewasbrimmingoverwithconfidencebeforethespeechcontest./Hewasbrimmingwithideasandexcitement.他主意层出不穷。JTwootherexpressionsaresimilarinmeaning:tooverflowwith/toburstwith显示富足;几乎装不下,充满earn---(1)toreceiveacertainamountofmoneyfortheworkyoudoeg:Howmuchdoyouearn,ifyoudon’tmindmeasking?/Youcan’texpecttoearnaliving(=bepaidenoughmoneytoliveon)fromyourpainting.(2)togetsthyoudeserveeg:Thiseconomisthasearnedgreatrespectforhisexpertise./It’sbeenatoughsixmonthsandIfeelI’veearnedafewweeksoff.bully---(n.)aroughandthreateningman,esponepaidbysomeonetohurtorfrightenotherpeople(v.)tohurtorfrightenotherpeopleoftenforcingthemtodosththeydonotwanttodoeg:1)Oursurveyindicatesthatoneinfourchildrenisbulliedatschool.2)Don’tletanyonebullyyouintodoingsomethingyoudon’twanttodo.identify---torecognizeandcorrectlynamesomeoneorsth,ortodiscoverthenatureandoriginofthethingeg:Thetwowitnesseswhosawtheshootingswereabletoidentifywhohadfiredfirst.identity---(n.)eg:Theman’sidentitywasbeingkeptsecretwhilehewashelpingthepolicewithinformationaboutthemurder.identification---officialpapersorcardsthatcanshowwhoyouareeg:Doyouhaveanyidentifications?Passport?Driver’slicense?identical---exactlythesameblissfully---inahappyandenjoyablewayeg:Theywereblissfullyhappytogether.munch---toeatnoisilyandwithouttryingtobequieteg:1)Hewasmunchinganapple./Wewatchedhermunchthroughtwopacketsofpeanuts.(p.25)Ididn’tnoticethat…shewaslessinclinedtolaugh.Familiaritysometimesmakespeoplephysicallyinvisible,foryoufindyourselftalkingtotheheart---totheessence,asitwereratherthantotheface.Isuspect,……(p.26):incline---tothinkthataparticularbelieforopinionismostlikelytoberighteg:1)Mostpeopleinclinetothebeliefthatglobalizationisagoodthingtohave.2)Sheiseasilytakenin.Sheinclinestotakeeverythingpeoplesayatfacevalue.tobeinclinedtodosth---tendingtoeg:Youngpeopleareofteninclinedtothinkthatoldpeoplearestupid.tobemusically(artistically,linguistically,mathematically)inclined---tobenaturallyinterestedinorgoodatmusic(art,language,mathematics)essence:themostimportantqualityofsth;thethingthatmakessthwhatitisinessence本质上;大体上oftheessence绝对需要的,不可缺少的,极重要的eg.:Timeisoftheessence.时间是至关重要的。asitwere宛如,好像eg:Sheseemedveryrelaxed---inhernaturalsettingasitwere.她似乎十分悠然自得---可以说是有自己随遇而安的天地suspect---(1)tothinkthatsthisprobablytrueorlikely,espsthbadeg:Wehadnoreasontosuspectthathemighttrytokillhimself./Wesuspectthattheyhavesomesecretdealingsbetweenthem. (2)tothinkthatsomeoneisprobablyguilty(tosuspectsomeoneofsthordoingsth)eg:1)Nooneknowswhokilledher,butthepolicesuspectherhusband.2)Thepolicesuspecthimofcarryingouttwobombattacks.(3)todoubtthetruthofstheg:1)Ihavenoreasontosuspectherhonesty/loyalty./Wesuspectedhismotivesinmakinghisoffer.suspect---(n.)someonewhoisthoughttobeguiltyofacrimeeg:Theyarrestedfivesuspects.Buttheystilllackedconclusiveevidence.IeyeditasIwenttotherefrigerator.(p.28)Jtoeyesth/sb:toobserveorwatchnarrowly勉强地,精细地,ofteninsuspicion,jealousy,orinlonging.Eg.:Thepolicemaneyedmeinsuspicion.IthinkhethoughtIwasdrunk.Heeyedmeupanddown,notknowingwhetherheshouldbelievemystory.Las:duringthetimewhen;while一面……一面……Mymotherwasregardingmewithastrangegentleness.regard---(1)tolookatattentively;toobservecloselyeg:1)Shesatthereregardinghimthoughtfully./Theyallregardedherwithgreatcuriosity.(2)toconsiderorlookuponinaparticularwayeg:Huangdiisregardedastheprogenitor(始祖)oftheChinesepeople.(3)tohavegreataffectionoradmirationforeg:Sheishighlyregardedintheacademiccircles.regard(n.)togive(send)one’sregardstosbeg:Pleasegivemybestregardstoallmyfriendsthere.Ireallymissthem.inthisregard---inthisrespect,inthismatterwithregardto---regarding;about;concerningasregards---asforregardlessof---withoutpayingattentionto;inspiteofthedifferencesin(Thesephrasesareallformal)…tearssingingmyeyes(p.31)Jstingvt.(1)叮，螫eg.:Ioncewasstungbyabee.(2)刺痛eg.:Thoughsmokeissoft,sometimes,itcanstingoureyes烟刺痛了我们的眼睛burstinto(p.34),outof,throughsth---movesuddenlyandforciblyinthespecifieddirection;appearsuddenlyfromsomewhereeg:1)Anangrycrowdburstthroughthelinesofpoliceandintothestreet.愤怒的人群突破了警方的封锁线走到街上2)Thesunburstthroughtheclouds.太阳突然从云端里露出来thankstoherhelp(p.35):thanksto:becauseof---Noticethatthisissometimesusedironically:e.g:Nowthankstotherain,we'llhavetoputoffourmatch.Shefailedagain,allthankstoyou!Thankstohisbrilliantleadership,ourcompanyisnowbankrupt.intime(p.36):(1)early,orsoonenough及时，不迟eg.:Doyouthinkweshallbeintimeforthetrain.Don’tforgettocomeintimefordinner.(2)经过一段时间以后；最终，迟早eg.:Intimeyou’lllearneverything.总有一天你一切都会明白的。Intimehe’llseehewaswrong./Don’tworry.Intimeshe’llforgetwhathashappenedtoday.oddsandends(p.36)---smallarticles;bitsandpiecesofvarioussortswithoutmuchvalueeg:He’smovedmostofhisstuff;therearejustafewoddsandendsleft.Pandora’sBox:Athingorproblemthat,ifactivated,willgiverisetomanyunmanageableproblems.一件事或一个问题，如果被激活的话，会变成许多无法控制的问题；祸患之源eg.:TheSenateinvestigationturnedouttobeaPandora’sboxfortheadministration.参议院的调查没有想到给政府带来了数不清的麻烦。setto(1)劲头十足地开始做某事，认真地开始做，使劲干（吃）eg.:Theengineerssettoandrepairedthebridge./Shesettoandfinishedcleaningthehousewithinanhour.(2)开始争吵；开始打斗eg.:Onemancalledtheotheraliarandtheysetto.setabout(1)着手（开始）做某事eg.:Comeandsetaboutyourwork:we’vewastedenoughtime.(2)攻击，揍eg.:Inaveryforcefulspeechhesetabouthiscritics.Thegangsetabouthimandinjuredhimbadly. setforth（1）举出，提出，列出eg.:Inhisprefacetheauthorsetforthhisreasonsforwritingthebook.Hesetforthhisviewswithclearnessandforce.（2）动身，启程eg.:WeshallsetforthfromLondonnextweek./Wesetforthonourhikeimmediately.setout（1）动身，出发eg.:Wenowsetouttoclimbthehill./Theysetoutasthesunwasrising.（2）打算，开始，着手，准备（做某事）eg.:Hesetouttowriteahistoryofcivilization.（3）列举，详述eg.:Theysetoutalltheirreasons./Thedetailsareclearlysetoutinanappendix.（4）摆好，摆设，布置，写出来eg.:Michaelsetoutthepiecesonthechessboard./Allthegoodsonsaleweresetoutonastall.(5)栽种（秧苗）eg.:Thegardenersetoutsometomatoseedlings.setoff(1)动身，出发，开始跑（行驰）eg.:Thecarssetoffinacloudofdust.(2)燃放（鞭炮），使…爆炸（发出响声）eg.:Thechildrengatheredinthegardentosetthefireworksoff.Theslightestsparkcansetofftheexplosivestoredhere.(3)引起（做某事），使发火eg.:Thatsetallofthemofflaughingagain.Ifheisoncesetofflaughinghefindsitdifficulttostop.setdown（1）放下eg:Theservantsetdownthetrayonthetableandwentout.(2)让下车eg.:Thebusdriversetherdownatthecorner.(3)写下，记下eg.:Iwillsetdownthestoryasitwastoldtome./Thelawyeraskedhimtosetdownthefactsjustasherememberedthem.(4)确定，规定eg.:Wehadtosetdownrulesforthebehaviourofthemembers./Thepricelimitsaresetdownbythegovernment.setin(1)（某种不良天气）开始eg.:Wintersetinearly./Ithasjustsetintosnow(rain,etc).(2)患上（某种疾病）eg.:Hedidnotkeepthecutcleanandinfectionsetin.setup(1)竖起来，立起来，支起来eg.:Theboyssetupthefoldingchairsbeforetheprogram.Let’ssetupthetentfirst,andbuildthefirelater.(2)建立，成立eg.:Theysetupasmalllaboratoryanddevotedeverysparemomenttothiswork.(3)创（记录）eg.:Wilkinssetupanewtimeinthe200metres./Hesetupanewrecordwhenheranamileinunderfourminutes.setaside(1)存储，拨出，留下eg.;Eachweekhetriedtosetasideafewdollarsofhissalary..(2)不讲究，不接受，不理会eg.:Let’ssetasideallformality.(礼节)(3)放在一边，搁置eg.:Petersetasidethepapershewasmarkingandreachedforhiscigarettesandmatches.(4)取消，宣布无效eg.:Thegovernmenthassetasidethosedecrees.(5)选定eg.:Thegovernorsetasideadayforthanksgiving.setback(1)（把钟）往回拨eg.:Asajoke,Billsetbacktheclockawholehour.(2)耽误，延缓，阻挠eg.:Thebadweatherwillsetbackourbuildingplans(threeweeks).(3)花掉，花费eg.:Thenewhousemusthavesethimbackafewthousands./Hisnewcarsethimbackover$3000.runout(1)（某物）用完，不多了，没有了eg.:Hisstrengthranout.We’dbetterdoourChristmasshopping:timeisrunningout.(2)过期，失效eg.:Thecontractrunsoutatehendoftheyear,andwillhavetoberenewed.runaway走掉，跑掉eg.:Don’trunaway;I’vesomethingtosaytoyou.runalong走掉，离开，走开eg.:Joansaidshehaderrandstodoandmustrunalong.runoff(1)使流掉，自己流掉eg.:Whenthetemperaturereachesmeltingpoint,themetalrunsoffasaliquidandflowsintospecialmoulds.(2)印出，复制eg.:Canyourunmeofftwohundredcopiesofthissheetbytomorrow?(3)快速写出eg.:He’saremarkablewriter:hecanrunoffanovelinaweek.(4)撵走，吓跑eg.:TheboyssawadogdigginginMother’sflowerbed,andtheyranhimoff.(5)让（赛跑）举行eg.:Whenwilltheraceberunoff?runup(1)升起（旗帜）eg.:Theyranuptheirnationalflag.(2)快速缝制（盖起）eg.:Doyoulikethisblouse?Iranitupmyselfthisafternoon.(3)欠下（许多债或帐）eg.:Hisdebtsranupovertheyears.runover(1)（车辆）碾压，从…上面开过去，压死（伤）eg.:Thetrainranoverthepoorfellowashewascrossingtheline.(2)溢出eg.:Thewaterranovertheedgeofthejug.(3)匆匆看一遍，复习一遍eg.:Thespeakerranoverhisnotesbeforethelecture.rundown(1)说（某人的）坏话，非议eg.:He’salwaysrunningmedowninfrontofmyneighbours.(2)（经过追捕）抓到，找到eg.:Thepoliceranhimdowneventually.(3)撞倒，撞沉eg.Ifyoudrivesofast,you’llrundownsomeunfortunatepedestrian.runinto(1)无意间碰到，和…相撞eg.:Oh,Iranintohimnowandthen./Joelostcontrolofhisbikeandrunintoatree.(2)遇到，撞上，陷入eg.:Madockshadrunintofinancialdifficulties.runacross无意间碰到eg.:Iranacrosshimyesterday. 近义词辨析Jcreep,climbJcreep用于表示四条腿动物的爬行，在指人的动作时，表示蹑手蹑脚地走，词义引伸之后，这个词可以表示身上起鸡皮疙瘩或象虫子爬一样的感觉。Eg.:Theboysfelttired,sotheyputoutthefireandcreptintotheirtent.Thebabyisjustlearningtocreep.这个婴儿才学着爬。Thesightoftheratsrunningaboutinthehousemademyfleshcreep.Jclimb所表示的爬,含攀登的意思Theboyclimbedupthetree.那个孩子爬上了树。Theoldmanclimbeddownthestairs.那老人费劲地走下台阶。Jcrawl:(1)Tomoveslowlyonthehandsandkneesorbydraggingthebodyalongtheground;creep.爬行用手或膝盖拖曳身体在地上缓慢移动；爬行(2)Toadvanceslowly,feebly,laboriously,orwithfrequentstops:缓慢行进缓慢、无力、费劲或经常停歇地前进：eg.:Wecrawledalonguntilwereachedtheopenroad.我们缓慢爬行，直到一条开阔大道expand,extendexpandvt.(1)toincreasethesize,volume,quantity,orscopeof;enlarge扩大增加尺寸、体积、数量或范围；扩大：eg.:expandedherstorebyaddingasecondroom.加一间房屋来扩大她的商店extendvt.(1)tostretchorspread(something)outtogreaterorfullestlength:延伸,伸长eg.:extendedtheradioantenna.把收音机的天线拉到最长(2)tocause(something)tobeorlastlonger延长,使（某物）处于或持续更长eg.:extendedourvisitbyaday把我们的拜访再延长一天suspect,doubtsuspectv.tr.(1)tosurmisetobetrueorprobable;imagine:猜想，想象猜想为真的或可能的；想象：eg.:Isuspecttheyareverydisappointed.我猜想他们很失望(2)tohavedoubtsabout;distrust:怀疑，不信任：eg.:Isuspecthismotives.我怀疑他的动机(3)tothink(aperson)guiltywithoutproof:怀疑（有犯罪之嫌疑）无证据时认为（某人）有罪：eg.:Thepolicesuspectherofmurder.警察怀疑她犯了谋杀罪doubtv.tr.(1)Tobeundecidedorskepticalabout:怀疑,对…拿不准或对…怀疑：eg.:begantodoubtsomeaccepteddoctrines.开始怀疑一些公认的教条(2)Totendtodisbelieve;distrust:不相信；不信任：eg.:doubtspoliticianswhentheymakesweepingstatements.不信任政客含糊其词的声明(3)Tosuspect;fear.猜想；恐怕ability,capacityAbilityisthepower,mentalorphysical,todosomething:Eg.:Tomakeafortunesomeassistancefromfateisessential.Abilityaloneisinsufficient?“要致富，光靠能力是不够的，还得看机遇”Capacityreferstoaninnatepotentialforgrowth,development,oraccomplishment:指天赋的，如生长、发展或成功的潜力：Eg.:Notbyagebutbycapacityiswisdomacquired?“智慧的获得是依靠才能而不是年龄”Facultydenotesaninherentpowerorability:指内在的力量或能力Eg.:Anunerringfacultyfordetectinghypocrisyisoneofhermostusefulattributes.能无误地看出伪善的能力是她身上最有用的特征之一。Talentemphasizesinbornability,especiallyinthearts:强调天生的才能，尤其是在艺术方面：Eg.:Thereisnosubstitutefortalent.Industryandallthevirtuesareofnoavail?“勤奋及其他的品质都不能弥补天分的不足”Competencesuggeststheabilitytodosomethingsatisfactorilybutnotnecessarilyoutstandinglywell:指能做到使人满意但并不一定特别出众的能力：Eg.:Theconcertowasperformedbyaviolinistofunquestionedcompetencebutlimitedimagination.小提琴家所演奏的协奏曲毫无疑问是出色的，但是缺乏想像力。Aptitudeimpliesinherentcapacityforlearning,understanding,orperforming:暗指内在的学习、理解和表演的才能：Eg.:Evenasachildheshowedanunusualaptitudeformathematics.甚至孩童时他就显露出非同一般的数学才能Someproverbs:患难之中我们特别喜欢看到朋友。无论麻烦缠身还是春风得意，友谊有益无害。忧愁时，朋友为我们宽解；高兴时，朋友使欢乐倍增。Whenindistress,welovetoseeafriend’sface.Bothintroubleandinjoyfriendshipisbeneficial.Friendshipreducessorrowintimesofpainandaddstojoyinhappytimes 在顺境中，朋友结识了我们；在逆境中，我们了解了朋友。Inprosperityourfriendsknowus;inadversityweknowourfriends.虚伪的朋友比公开的敌人更坏。Betteranopenenemythanafalsefriend.朋友的真诚在患难中得到检验。Misfortuneteststhesincerityoffriends.逆境知友谊，烈火见真金。Fireisthetestofgold;adversityoffriendship.1.Johnadmittedthatit’salwaysdifficult____.AforhimbeingontimeB.beingontimeforhimCforhimtobeontimeDontimeforhim2.Mostoftheartists____tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.A.invitedBtoinviteCbeinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited3.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands____behindhisback.AbeingtiedBhavingtiedCtobetiedDtied4.Thistextneeds_____.A.keptBtobekeptCkeepingDbeingkept5.Allthings_____becauseofthetyphoon,manypassengerscoulddonothingbutwait.A.hadbeencanceledB.havebeencanceledC.werecanceledD.havingbeencanceled6.All_____,hisplanseemstobeperfect.A.takesintoconsiderationB.takingintoconsiderationC.takenintoconsiderationD.beingtakenintoconsideration7.Ifyouexplainedthesituationtoyoursolicitor,he______abletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.A.wouldbeB.willhavebeen.C.wasD.were8._____enoughtimeandmoney,theresearcherswouldhavebeenabletodiscovermoreinthisfield.A.GivingB.TogiveC.GivenD.Beinggiven9.Itrainedhardyesterday,_____preventedmefromgoingtothepark.A.thatB.whichC.asD.it10.Inaday______fewnoblepersonseverspoketothoseofhumbleoriginsexcepttogiveanorder,Jeffersonwentoutofhiswaytotalkwithgardeners,servants,andwaiters.A.whoseB.duringC.whenD.of1.与你挚爱的亲人痛苦地别离实在很难。（towrenchoneselfawayfrom.）2.她已经准许我离开了。（togivesb.Permissiontodosth.）3.有人来时，鸟儿们迅速飞进了树林。（torocketoffinto）4.她过去常逛大街，一逛就是几个小时。（toroamabout）5.她告诉他们务必小心。（towarnsb.todosth.）6.他对彼此相见一直忐忑不安，可是她的热情相迎使他很快就无拘无束了。（toputsb.atease）7.谁都不太了解他，因为他很少与人来往。（tokeeptooneself）8.他把大部分东西都搬走了，只留下一些零星杂物。（oddsandends）9.她心中洋溢着幸福。（tobrimoverwithsb.）10.随着时间的流逝，我的记忆力似乎越来越差。（togoby）Grammarandvocabulary答案：1-5CADCA6-10BDDAD11-15CCBADItisreallydifficulttowrenchyourselfawayfromyourbelovedrelatives.Shehasalreadygivenmepermissiontoleave.Thebirdsrocketedoffintothewoodswhenpeoplecame.Sheusedtoroamaboutthestreetsforhoursonend.Shewarnedthemtobeuseful.Hehadbeendreadingtheirmeetingbutherwarmwelcomesoonputhimatease. Nobodyknowsmuchabouthim;hekeepshimself(verymuch)tohimself.He’smovedmostofhisstuff;therearejustoddsandendsleftHerheartwasbrimmingoverwithhappiness.Astimegoesby,mymemoryseemstogetworse.Fromthetextwrenchyourselfawayfromfriendsinthedeepwoodsanetworkofpathsledalmosteverywherepheasantsrocketedoffintothedenselaurelsaheadroamthewoodsandfieldsimpenetrablestandoftreesabarbed-wirefencethetwitterandrustleofinsectsandanimalsTrespassinmyspecialpalcegaveawelcomingsmilethatinstantlyputmeateasewouldyoucaretojoinme?BewarnedagainstgoingoffwithstrangersSensetheoldladyharmlessExtendherfinehandTakeitclumsilyinmyownRetireasaprofessorAsmallbrickcottagethatglowpinklyinthewesteringsunGazeaboutinsilenceadmirationat…ExpectyouhomeataparticulartimeRunthewaterforteaThehourwentbymuchtooswiftlySeemabouttocryFromthetoneofhervoiceIkneweverythinginstantlyRestone’shandonTearsstingmyeyesPutherarmsaboutmyshoulderpossessthepotentialforanenduringandrewardingfriendshipendlesspatchworkoffarmsandwoodlandsurroundingourhouseFamiliaritysometimesmakespeoplephysicallyinvisible,foryoufindyourselftalkingtotheheart---totheessence,asitwereratherthantotheface.creepintoanotherworld—avaultedcathedral,withtreetrunksforpillarsandyearsofaccumulationsoflongbrownneedlesforasoftlycarpedfloor.Myownbreathingraninmyears,andtheslighteststirringofanywoodlandcreatureechoedthroughtheprivateparadise.KeepingtomyselfwasmywayofnotformingattachmentsthatIwouldonlyhavetoabandonthenexttimewemoved.ButonedayIbecameattachedthroughnodesignofmyown.