英国简介(英文版).pdf

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1、⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯最新资料推荐⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ABriefIntroductionoftheUnitedKingdomThefullnameofthecountryistheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.Itisacomplicatednameforwhatisinmanywaysacomplicatedcountry.There’refourparts,England,Scotland,WalesandNorthernIreland,

2、whichcompletetotheset.Here,asfollows,areafewaspectsoftheUnitedKingdom.1.PoliticsTheGovernmentoftheUnitedKingdom(1)TheMonarchyTheoldestinstitutionofgovernmentistheMonarchycruelbytheking.ThisdatesbacktotheSaxonwhoruledfromthe5thcenturyADuntiltheNormanConguestin1066.Thepowerofth

3、emonarchywaslargelyderivedformtheancientdoctrineofthe‘divinerightofkings”.ItwasheldthatthesovereignderivedhisauthorityfromGod,notfromhissubjects.WhilethekingintheoryhadGodonhisside,inpracticeeveninmedievaltimesitwasthoughtthatheshouldnotexerciseabsolutepower.(2)TheParliamentT

4、heword“parliament”comesfromtheverb“theparley”,thatistodiscussortalk.Thetermwasfirstusedofficiallyin1236todescribethegatheringoffeudalbaronsandrepresentativesfromcountriesandtownswhichtheoccasionallysummonedifhewantedtoraisemoney.TheGreatCouncilcametoincludeboththosewhoweresum

5、moned“byname”(theHouseofLords)andrepresentativesofcommunities(theHouseofCommons).Thesetwohousesexisttodayandcollectivelywecallthemtheparliament.TheCommonsquicklygainedinpoliticalstrength.Theywerewillingtohelpthekingbyraisingtaxesandpassinglaws,butinreturntheywantedanincreasin

6、gsayinwhatthekingwasdoing.TheparliamentbecamethemostpowerfulinstituteinBritainwasaftertheRevolutionalWar.Parliamenthasanumberofdifferentfunctions.Firstandforemost,itpasseslaws.Anotherimportantfunctionisthatitprovidesthemeansofcarryingontheworkofgovernmentbyvotingfortaxation.I

7、tsotherrolesaretoscrutinizegovernmentpolicy,administrationandexpenditureandtodebatethemajorityissuesoftheday.ParliamentissupremeintheBritishstatebecauseitalonehasthepowertochangethetermsoftheconstitution.Therearenolegalrestraintsuponparliament.Itcanmakeorchangelaws.Changeorov

8、erturnestablishedconventionsorevenprolongitsownlifewithout1⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯