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1、WaldenPublished1854IABOUTTHEAUTHORHenryDavidThoreauwasborninConcord,Massachusetts,onJuly12,1817.Hisgrandfather,Jean,aFrenchHuguenot,hadcometoBostonin1773,takenpartintheAmericanRevolution,andbecomeashopkeeperonthecity'swaterfrontuntilhemovedtoConcordin1800.ThoreaugrewupinConc
2、ordwithhisfather,JohnThoreau,oneofthefirstAmericanmakersofleadpencils;hismother,CynthiaDunbar,anatureloverandabolitionist;hisolderbrother,John;andtwosisters,HelenandSophia.ThoreaubeganhiseducationatMissPhoebeWheeler'sinfantschool.Heattendedpublicgrammarschooland,attheageofel
3、even,enrolledattheConcordAcademy.Fromchildhoodhehadbeenaratherisolatedfigure;atschoolhekepttohimselfandrefusedtoplaygames,preferringtospendmuchofhistimeinthewoodsandfieldsaroundConcord.In1833heenteredHarvardCollege,wherehestudiedrhetoricandmodernandclassicallanguages.Hegradu
4、atedin1837.DuringthewinterfollowinghisgraduationfromHarvard,ThoreauestablishedaclosefriendshipwiththeTranscendentalistwriterRalphWaldoEmerson,whobecamehisliterarymentor.Thoreauwantedtobecomeawriter,andundertookvariousjobsinordertosupporthimselfwhileworkingonhiswriting.Hetaug
5、htpublicschoolinConcordforashorttime,butquitafterlearningthathisdutiesincludedfloggingthepupils.In1838hestartedhisownschool;hispupilsincludedLouisaMayAlcott,theauthorofLittleWomen,andtwoofhersisters.Aftertheschoolclosedin1843,ThoreaututoredthechildrenofEmerson'sbrother,Willi
6、am,onStatenIsland,NewYork,until1844.Thoreauwasattimesasurveyor,acarpenter,ahousepainter,andamason.Thoreau'sfriendshipwithEmersonledtohisinvolvementwiththeTranscendentalistClubandthesubsequentpublicationofhispoemsandessaysintheTranscendentalistmagazineTheDial.Thoreaualsolived
7、attimesinEmerson'shome,anditwasonEmerson'spropertynearWaldenPondthathebuilthisfamouscabin,thesceneofhisWaldenexperimentfromJuly4,1845,toSeptember6,1847.Thefriendshipwouldcoolinlateryears,butThoreauremainedaTranscendentalistallofhislife.ExceptforoccasionaltripstoMaine,CapeCod
8、,andCanada,ThoreauspentmostofhisbrieflifeinConcord.Fewwritershaveidentified
