资源描述：
《上外高级英文写作教程复习整理.doc》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、写作填空题ExpositionØOnthebasisofcontrollingpurposewetraditionallydivideallproseintothreekinds:narration,description,andexposition.ØExpositioniswritingthatexplains.ØIfthewriterintendstotellushowsomethinglooks,tore-createthethinginwords,wemaycallitdescription.Anar
2、rativearrangesitsmaterialintime.Descriptionmostoftenorganizesinspace.ØExpositionorganizesitssubjectbylogic.ØWefindthatparagraphsofexpositioncontaintwodifferentkindsofstatements.Thefirst-ageneral,ratherabstractstatement-iscalledthetopicsentence.ØTheexpository
3、writer,therefore,usesthecommonmethodsoflogicandthinking:hedevelopshismaterialbyofferingexamplesasevidence,bycomparingandcontrasting,bymakinganalogies,byrestating,bygivingreasons,byclassifyinganddividinghissubject,byshowingcauseandeffect,bydefining,byarguingf
4、rompremisetoconclusion.DefinitionØDefinitionisinfactaformofexpositorywriting.ØAdefinitionistheefforttodistinguishanentityfromallotherthingsforthepurposeofbeingabletorecognizeitorinsomewaytounderstandit.ØMethodsofdefinition1.Analysis.Thetypeconsistsofplacinga
5、wordinalargeclasscalledthegenusandthendifferentiatingthewordfromothermembersofthatclass.Thismethod,asoldasAristotle,resultsinthedictionarykindofdefinition.2.Synthesis.Thisformofdefinitionrelatesthething-to-be-definedtosomethingalreadyfamiliartothereaderorlis
6、tener.Itoftenrevealsthething-to-be-definedaspartofsomelargerwhole.3.NegativeDefinition.Whichhelpstodefineathingbymakingclearwhatitisnot.4.Exemplification.Oftenappearingasanaidtodefinitionbyanalysisorbysynthesisisdefinitionbyexample.5.Synonyms.Almostasfamilia
7、rasdefinitionbyexampleisdefinitionbysynonyms.ØTypesofdefinition1.ConsensualDefinition2.StipulativeDefinition3.NormativeDefinitionJudgmentØJudgment,requiresthewritertolookatbothsidesofanissue,tofindoutwhatevidenceexistsandpresentitclearly,andfinallytodrawacon
8、clusion.ØInargumentpersuasionisthemainpurpose.Thewriterofargumentmustperforcetakesides,beattorneyeitherfortheplaintifforforthedefense.Thewriterofjudgmentismorelikeareferee.Hemustlistentowhatcanb
