自身耐受和免疫异常与免疫介导的炎症性疾病教学提纲.ppt

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1、自身耐受和免疫异常与免疫介导的炎症性疾病免疫调节的重要性避免正常抗感染免疫应答过程中出现过量淋巴细胞活化造成组织损伤。防止不适当的抗自身抗原的免疫应答（“自身耐受”）。免疫调控机制失调会诱发免疫介导的炎症性疾病。免疫调节的方式免疫耐受中枢性耐受外周性耐受免疫细胞调节——调节性T细胞作用免疫耐受定义:淋巴细胞接触抗原后被诱导的针对该抗原的特异性不应答。该种抗原被称为耐受原。意义:所个体均存在针对自身抗原的耐受性（称自身耐受）。打破自身耐受就会引起自身免疫性疾病。治疗价值：诱导耐受可用于预防移植排斥、治疗自身免疫性和变态反应性疾病。自身免疫自身免疫与自身免疫病：自身免疫：抗自身抗

2、原的免疫应答。自身免疫病：自身免疫应答对机体造成病理性损伤。此种疾病通常被分类为“免疫介导的炎症性疾病”。总体特点:发生机制:易感基因+环境诱发全身性和器官特异性Theprincipalfateoflymphocytesthatrecognizeselfantigensinthegenerativeorgansisdeath(deletion),BUT:SomeBcellsmaychangetheirspecificity(called“receptorediting”)SomeCD4Tcellsmaydifferentiateintoregulatory(suppressi

3、ve)TlymphocytesCentralandperipheraltoleranceFromAbbas,LichtmanandPillai.CellularandMolecularImmunology6thed,2007ConsequencesofselfantigenrecognitioninthymusFrom:Abbas&Lichtman,Cellular&MolecularImmunology5thed2003APCTCRTcellCD28ActivatedTcellsAPCTCRFunctionalunresponsivenessNormalTcellrespo

4、nseAnergyApoptosis(activation-inducedcelldeath)APCDeletionAPCBlockinactivationSuppressionRegulatoryTcellPeripheraltoleranceOffsignalsActivatedTcellTcellanergy“Activation-inducedcelldeath”:deathofmatureTcellsuponrecognitionofselfantigensFromAbbasandLichtman.BasicImmunology2nded,2006Bothpathw

5、ayscooperatetopreventreactionsagainstselfRegulatoryTcellsFromAbbas,LichtmanandPillai.CellularandMolecularImmunology6thed,2007TRegulatoryCellPropertiesPropertyNaturalTreg(nTreg)InducedTreg(iTreg)-Tr1InducedTreg(iTreg)-Th3DevelopmentThymusPeriphery(MALT)Periphery(MALT)PhenotypeCD4+CD25+CD127l

6、owCD4+CD25-CD4+CD25+fromCD25-precursorsOtherAssociatedMarkersCTLA-4+GITR+Foxp3+CD45RBlowFoxp3-CD25low-variableCD45RBlowFoxp3+SuppressionContact-,Granzyme-Bdependent,makesTGFbetaIL-10mediatedTGFbetamediatedTargetCellsAPCandEffectorTCellsEffectorTCellsUnknownCD28InvolvementThymicdevelopmentan

7、dmaintenanceinperipheryUnnecessaryfordevelopmentorfunctionUnnecessaryfordevelopmentorfunctioninvivoRoleSuppressionofautoreactiveTcells，anddendriticcellsMucosalimmunity,inflammatoryresponseMucosalimmunity,inflammatoryresponseinvitroExpansionTCR/CD28stimul