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1、IntroductiontoAnglo-AmericanLegalSystemCHAPTER1 HISTORICALBACKGROUND1.1PRE-FEUDALSOCIETY1.1.1EarlySettlement（--55B.C.)3Celtictribes:Gaels(fromabout750B.C.)Britons(fromabout500B.C.)Thethirdgroupcamearound100B.C.fromGaul.1.ABRIEFHISTORYOFTHEGREATBRITAIN1.1.2TheRomanOccupation(55B.C.-410)JuliusCaesar’
2、stwoinvasions(between55and54B.C.)，BritainwasaRomanprovinceinname.RomanOccupation(43A.D.—410A.D)Theresultinggrowthofitscivilizationwasmoreobviousinurbanareasthanamongtheagriculturalpeasantsandweakestintheresistanthighlandzone.SlavesocietywasintroducedintoEngland.1.1.3Anglo-SaxonTimesThedownfalloftheR
3、omanEmpirein410.Thefiercenortherntribesbegantopourintotheislandfromaboutthemiddleofthe5thcentury.TheyweretheGermanictribestheAngles,SaxonsandJutes.TheCeltswerewhollydefeatedBeforelongthedistinctionsbetweenthesethreetribeslostsignificance,andbytheendofthe7ththeyregardedthemselvesas“thenationoftheEngl
4、ish”.Heptarchy:buttheylackedunityandEnglandwasdividedintoanumberofkingdoms,consideredbyhistorianstohavebeenseven,andthereforecalledthe“heptarchy”.Egbert,thekingofWessex,styledhimself“KingoftheEnglish”in829.Christianity:allEnglandwasunitedunderonewell-organizedchurch.TheheadoftheChurchwastheArchbisho
5、pofCanterbury.1.1.4TheinvasionofVikingsandtheDanishRuleVikings,aroundtheturnofthe8thcentury,invadedEngland.KingAlfredofWessex,afterhavingdefeatedtheDanesthroughmanygreatbattles,madeanagreementwithGuthrum,whomhehadcaptured,thatGuthrumwasallowedtorulethenorthofEnglandwhilehehimselfruledthesouth.“Alfre
6、dtheGreat”–thebeginningofAnglo-SaxonTimes(871-1060)Neartheendofthe10thcentury,duringthereignofEthelred,freshwavesoffierceDanishfightersfromthecontinentattackedthesouth.In1013theDanishking,Sweyen,becamemasterofEngland,andEthelredfledtoNormandyinFrance,thehomeofhiswifeEmma.SoonafterwardsSweyendied,and
7、theEnglishsentfortheir“lawfulking”.SoEthelredcameback.AfterEthelred’sdeathin1016,hisson,Edmund,foughtmostheroicallyagainsttheDanes,buthecouldnotgetenoughforcestodrivetheDanesout.Sohemadeanagreementwit
