英语国家文化与社会文化入门unit4-Politics--Class-and-Race.ppt

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1、Unit4Politics,ClassandRaceGeneralElectionsWhyareTheyImportant?WhenDoElectionsOccur?WhoCanStandforElectionasanMP?WhatHappensinanElection?(How)WhyareTheyImportant1215KingJohn---therightsofcitizens1236firstusedtheword:Parliament1407KingHenryIV---moneygrants(consideredandapprovedbytheCommons)168

2、9ParlimentpassedtheBillofRights(theKingcanneverignoreParliament)1832Commonsbypopularelectionp.39Theimportanceofgeneralelectionsimportantinthewesternmodelofdemocracy.Theyprovideopportunityforpeopletoinfluencefuturegovernmentpoliciesandtoreplacethoseincompetentpoliticalleaders.WhenDoElectionsOc

3、curTheformationofthegovernment650membersofparliamentareelectedinGeneralElectionsrepresent650constituenciesintheUK.Thepartywhichholdsamajorityofthose“seats”inparliamentformsthegovernment,withitspartyleadersasthePrimeMinister.2.Agovernmenthasbeeninpowerfor5years.Andtherewillbeageneralelectionev

4、eryfiveyears.longerthan5yearsa)exceptionsduringWWIandWWIIB.soonerthan5yearsvoteofnoconfidencethePrimeMinister---popularWhoCanStandforElectionasanMPAnyonewhoiseligibletovotecanstandasanMP,andheonlyneedstomakeadepositof500pounds.No-hopers:MonsterRavingLoonyPartybyDavidSutch(1940-1999)in1983Smal

5、lpartieslikethePartyofWalesBigparties:Labor,theConservativeDemocraticLiberalWhatHappensinanElection?ELECTIONelectorscandidateslocalvotingstationprivateboothelectoralcampaignsElectoralcampaigns：advertisementsinnewspapersdoor-to-doorcampaigningpostaldeliveryofleafletspartyelectoralbroadcastsonT

6、V.ΔexpenditureΔgoodpolicies,opponentsquiteaggressiveandcritical.newspapers&TVprogrammesopinionpollscountingThePoliticalPartiesTheLaborParty①Laborisasocialistparty.(“redistributiveagent”)②In1945,theLaborgovernmentthatcametopowerhadamajoreffectonBritishsociety:a.NationalHealthServiceb.welfarepa

7、ymentsc.“nationalised”awiderangeofindustriesTheConservativePartythepartyoftheindividual.a“fatherly”senseofobligationtothelessfortunateinsociety.Thedifferenceisoneofdegree,notanabsolute.TheLiberalDemocraticPartyapartyofthe‘middle’,occupyingthe