最新Education_and_Discipline原文及翻译.doc

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1、精品资料Education_and_Discipline原文及翻译........................................精品资料Education_and_Discipline原文及翻译........................................精品资料EducationandDisciplineBetrandRussellAnyseriouseducationaltheorymustconsistoftwoparts：aconceptionoftheendsoflife，andascienceofpsychologi

2、caldynamics，i.e.，ofthelawsofmentalchange.Twomenwhodifferastotheendsoflifecannothopetoagreeabouteducation.Theeducationalmachine，throughoutWesterncivilization，isdominatedbytwoethicaltheories：thatofChristianity，andthatofnationalism.Thesetwo，whentakenseriously，areincompatible，asisbecoming

3、evidentinGermany.Formypart，Iholdthatwheretheydiffer，Christianityispreferable，butwheretheyagree，botharemistaken.TheconceptionwhichIshouldsubstituteasthepurposeofeducationiscivilization，atermwhich，asImeantit，hasadefinitionwhichispartlyindividual，partlysocial.Itconsists，intheindividual，o

4、fbothintellectualandmoralqualities：intellectually，acertainminimumofgeneralknowledge，technicalskillinone'sownprofession，andahabitofformingopinionsonevidence；morally，ofimpartiality，kindliness，andamodicumofself-control.Ishouldaddaqualitywhichisneithermoral................................

5、........精品资料norintellectual，butperhapsphysiological：zestandjoyoflife.Incommunities，civilizationdemandsrespectforlaw，justiceasbetweenmanandman，purposesnotinvolvingpermanentinjurytoanysectionofthehumanrace，andintelligentadaptationofmeanstoends.　　Ifthesearetobethepurposeofeducation，itisa

6、questionforthescienceofpsychologytoconsiderwhatcanbedonetowardsrealizingthem，and，inparticular，whatdegreeoffreedomislikelytoprovemosteffective.　　Onthequestionoffreedomineducationthereareatpresentthreemainschoolsofthought，derivingpartlyfromdifferencesastoendsandpartlyfromdifferencesinps

7、ychologicaltheory.Therearethosewhosaythatchildrenshouldbecompletelyfree，howeverbadtheymaybe；therearethosewhosaytheyshouldbecompletelysubjecttoauthority，howevergoodtheymaybe；andtherearethosewhosaytheyshouldbefree，butinspiteoffreedomtheyshouldbealwaysgood.Thislastpartyislargerthanithasa

8、nylog