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1、Unit1FreshStartTextATowardaBrightFutureforAllBeforereadingBeforereadingTextA,youmayneedtoknowthefollowingthingstohelpyouwithabetterunderstanding.AmericanhighereducationIntheUnitedStates,studentscanchoosetogotocollegeafterhighschool.(Theycanalsochoosetogostraighttotheworkforceafte
2、rhighschool.)Theyhavetheoptionofattendingatwo-yearcommunitycollegebeforeapplyingtoafour-yearuniversity.Admissiontocommunitycollegeiseasier,tuitionislower,andclasssizesareoftensmallerthanatauniversity.Communitycollegestudentscanearnanassociatedegreeandtransferuptotwoyearsofcoursec
3、reditstoauniversity.Collegeanduniversitystudentsneedtopaytuition,butmanyearnscholarshipsorreceiveloans.Althoughadmissionspoliciesvaryfromoneuniversitytoanother,mostdetermineadmissionbasedonseveralcriteria,includingastudent'shighschoolcourseofstudy,highschoolGradePointAverage(GPA)
4、,participationinextracurricularactivities,SAT(ScholasticAssessmentTest)orACT(AmericanCollegeTesting)examscores,awrittenessay,andpossiblyapersonalinterviewwitharepresentativefromtheadmissionsoffice.MoststudentsintheUnitedStatestaketheSATReasoningTestortheACTduringtheirfinalyearofh
5、ighschool.EachuniversitysetsaminimumSATorACTscorethatastudentmustachieveinordertogainadmission.Thesearestandardizedquantitativeexaminations.TheSATtestscriticalreading,mathematics,andwritingskills.TheACTtestsEnglish,mathematics,reading,sciencereasoning,andincludesanoptionalwriting
6、test.Extracurricularactivitiesmayincludescholasticclubs,athleticteams,studentgovernment,andphilanthropicclubs.Voluntaryparticipationinthesekindsofactivitiesisanindicationthatastudenthaslearnedvaluablelifelessons,suchasteamwork,leadership,orcivicresponsibility.Universitystudentspu
7、rsuingabachelor'sdegreearecalled"undergraduates";studentspursuingamaster'sordoctoraldegreearecalled"graduatestudents".Mostuniversitiesgiveundergraduatestudentsaliberaleducation,whichmeansstudentsarerequiredtotakecoursesacrossseveraldisciplinesbeforetheyspecializeinamajorfieldofst
8、udy.Graduateandprofessionalprograms,such